APPENDIX I 441 
appearance from the day-fly. The body is flattened, the antennze 
are quite long, the fore wings narrow, and noticeably smaller than 
the hind wings. Some of the smaller species appear very early in 
the spring, long before the snow has melted. 
Three species have been recorded from this 
region, — the large Pleronarcys regalis, Perla 
sp., and one of the small green Chloroperla. 
The Thysanura, popularly known as the 
bristle-tails or spring-tails, constitute the most 
primitive group of insects. Although not 
recorded from Labrador, there is little doubt 
that the order is represented, for they seem 
to thrive under very unfavourable conditions. 
The snow-flea (Achorutes nivicola), a minute, 
blue-black insect, is exceedingly abundant in 
the snow in New England and Canada, and 
undoubtedly extends northward. A closely 
allied species, Podura humicola, is found in 
Greenland. / 
While the spiders do not belong to the true Fic. 18. 
insects, but constitute a separate class known The Stone-fly. 
as Arachnida, they are very frequently re- 
ferred to in connection with insects. Spiders are distinguished 
by having four pairs of legs, the head and thorax united, forming 
the cephalothorax and an unsegmented abdomen. Eleven species 
have been recorded, including several of the genus Lycosa, or run- 
ning spiders, two of the “orb-weavers” (EHpvera), and a “tube- 
weaver” (Clubiona). A Myriopoda (Muillepede) is recorded from 
Square Island. 
The Beetles 
By Joun D. SHERMAN, JR. 
A ust of the beetles and other insects of Labrador was pub- 
lished as long ago as the summer of 1888 by the late A. S. Packard 
of Brown University, and reprinted in his book, The Labrador 
Coast. This list included about sixty different kinds of beetles 
collected at various places along the coast, many of them gathered 
by himself in 1860 when he made his first trip to Labrador, and 
most of the others by Dr. Robert Bell. Even before Packard’s 
visit to Labrador, several insects from the Hudson Bay region had 
been mentioned and described by the well-known British ento- 
mologist, Kirby. This was in 1837. 
During the last two or three years the writer, through the kind 
assistance of Dr. Grenfell, has had the good fortune to receive a 
