APPENDIX I 445 
The next beetle which is shown (Silpha lapponica Hbst., Fig. 23) 
belongs to a family whose members are scavengers feeding on decay- 
ing animal matter. This beetle is very common in Labrador, 
living, no doubt, on dead fish. As seen in the illustration, it is 
rather a square-shaped beetle, black, covered 
with a yellowish pubescence. It is about 
five-eighths of an inch long. The wing cases 
are covered with very prominent small tu- 
bercles arranged in rows; the antennz, or 
feelers, are thickened at the end as in other 
allied forms. Silpha lapponica occurs nearly 
everywhere in North America except in the 
southeastern states. It is an inhabitant of 
Europe also, but there it is confined to the 
Arctic regions. 
In general the Arctic species are more in- 
clined to extend toward the temperate 
climates to the south, here in America, than Fic. 23. 
in Europe. The northerly and southerly di- Silpha lapponica. 
rection of our American mountain ranges 
enables the insect forms of the two climates to maintain a geograph- 
ical connection and specific identity. In Europe, the mountains 
running from east to west have tended to form a definite boundary 
for both Arctic and southern species, so that there the allied forms 
of the two regions have either remained distinct or become so, 
through separation from one another. This interesting fact was 
pointed out by Mr. Schwarz some years ago. 
Another Labrador beetle quite generally distributed in Europe, 
Asia, and America, through commerce, is the ‘‘bacon beetle” 
(Dermestes lardarius Linn., Fig. 24). The beetle 
is about one-third of an inch long and brown- 
ish black, with a yellow band extending across 
the front of the wing cases. Its larva lives on 
preserved animal food products, such as hams, 
bacon, old cheese, and in dried skins, hair, etc. 
The last two of Mr. Joutel’s figures represent 
two members of the family Cerambycide. 
Both of these beetles are quite large, and have 
very long antenne, or feelers, like the other 
> species of this family. 
Fic. 24. Criocephalus agrestis Kirby (Fig. 25) is a 
long, narrow, brownish beetle varying consid- 
erably in size, with two or three curious depres- 
sions in the thorax, and two longitudinal ridges extending along 
each wing case. The species is found generally in the northern 
Dermestes lardarius. 
