Trees, Shrubs and Vines 
(unnaturalized) and the native (extra-limital) species 
in Central Park. 
In trees, the leaf affords the principal basis of 
arrangement, and the flower is secondary ; but, for the 
still easier identification of the numerous ornamental 
flowering trees, a second Key is added, to serve in the 
flowering season. 
Shrubs, having in general less distinctive foliage than 
trees, very often require the flower for absolute cer- 
tainty: the blossom, therefore, affords the principal basis 
in the grouping of this section, with a second Key based 
only upon the leaf, wherein over a third of the shrubs 
are traceable to groups of only from two to twelve, so 
that most of them can be determined without the flower. 
Vines are grouped primarily according to their method 
of growth, as, trailing on the ground, twining, climbing 
by tendrils, or climbing by rootlets, and are further 
subdivided according to differences of leaf and flower. 
It is the prominent part of the flower—the corolla— 
that is emphasized, the minuter parts—calyx, stamens, 
and pistil—having much less importance in this scheme 
and all that is needful to understand of flower-structure 
is fully explained at the end of the work, and can be 
learned in an hour’s time. For conciseness a few simple 
technical terms are used, which are either self-explana- 
tory or are fully defined. The aim throughout has been 
to reduce the brain-effort of the student to a minimum. 
In addition to this more formal part, are several chapters 
designed to bring the matter home to the reader in a 
more intimate and attractive way, roaming at will wher- 
ever the vista proves inviting, now with the atmosphere 
16 
