Trees, Shrubs and Vines 
81. Pin Oak. Swamp Spanish Oak. (Quercus palustris.) 
LEAF: 4-6’, simple, alternate, 5-7 (deeply)-lobed, lobes with a 
few scattering teeth and bristle-pointed, glossy when mature ; much 
like that of scarlet oak, but smaller; swamps and low ground. 
(P12, 11.) 
82. Red Oak. (Quercus rubra.) 
LEAF: 5'-g’, simple, alternate, 7-11-lobed, lobes with a few 
scattering teeth and bristle-pointed, when mature dark green and 
sometimes glossy. (Pl. III.) 
83. Scarlet Oak. (Quercus coccinea.) - 
LEAF: 5-9’, simple, alternate, 5-7 (deeply)-lobed, lobes with a 
few scattering teeth and bristle-pointed, very glossy when mature. 
(Pl. III.) 
84. Black Oak. (Quercus coccinea, var. tinctoria.) 
LrEAF: 5'-8', simple, alternate, 7-9-lobed, with a few scattering 
teeth, and bristly points; quite variable forms on the same tree, 
but generally with a heavier appearance, and less deeply lobed 
than other oak leaves ; considered by Gray a variety, not a spe- 
cies; nearest like red oak. (PI. III.) 
85. Barren Oak. Black Jack. (Quercus nigra.) 
LEAF: 5-9’, simple, alternate, usually 3-lobed at broad top 
(lobes bristle-pointed), narrowed at base, when mature thick, 
leathery, and glossy above, lighter and scurfy beneath. RANGE: 
New York to Illinois and south. (Pl. III.) 
86. Spanish Oak. (Quercus cuneata.) 
LEAF: 6-7’, simple, alternate, either 3-lobed only at apex, or 
5-7-lobed throughout, the main ones slender and often curved, 
and all with bristly points, perhaps a little serrate; dark, glossy 
above when mature; rare north, abundant south. (PI. III.) 
67. Sweet Gum. Bilsted. Liquidamber. (L. styraciflua.) 
LEAF: 3'-6’, simple, alternate, serrate and usually 5-lobed, 
lobes pointed, rather glossy, aromatic when bruised. FRvIT: 
hard, globular aggregation covered with sharp points, hanging 
into the winter ; ranches generally corky-ridged. RANGE: Con- 
necticut to Illinois, and south. (Pl. V.) 
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