Description of Native Shrubs 
157- Common Buckthorn. (Rhamnus cathartica.) 
LeaF: 1I'-3', simple, alternate, finely serrate, ovate. FLOWER: 
p-, greenish (petals 4, notched at apex, the 4 stamens standing 
opposite (directly before) them; sometimes no petals), clustered 
along branch; May, June; branchlets thorny. Introduced, but 
now slightly spontaneous in Eastern States; used for hedges. 
158. Lance-leaved Buckthorn. (Rhamnus lanceolata.) 
LEAF: 1'-3', simple, alternate, finely serrate, dance-shaped (or 
oblong on flowering branches). FLOWER: much as in 157, but 
petals deeply notched; May. Pennsylvania to Illinois; not 
thorny. 
159. Alder-leaved Buckthorn. (Rhamnus alnifolia.) 
LEAF: 1-37, simple, alternate, serrate, oval, apex sharp. 
FLOWER : greenish, small (o corolla, calyx 5-lobed, 5 stamens 
alternating with calyx-lobes), in clusters along branch, staminate 
and pistillate commonly on different plants; June. Maine to 
Pennsylvania and Illinois ; 2°-4° high ; thornless. 
160. Prickly Gooseberry. (Ribes cynosbati.) 
LEAF: 1-2’, simple, alternate, serrate, 3-5-lobed, roundish- 
heart-shaped. FLOWER: p., greenish, small (petals and stamens 
5, Style undivided), 1-3-clustered on slender stem; stamens not 
longer than dread calyx ; May ; 1-3 prickles on branch near base 
of leaf-stem; berry large, brownish-purple, /ong-prickly (rarely 
none). Commonest northward ; 2°-4° high. (Pl. VIII.) 
161. Common Wild Gooseberry. (Ribes oxyacanthoides.) 
LEAF: 1-2’, as in 160. FLOWER: as in 160, but stamens 
scarcely longer than de//-shaped calyx ; style 2-lobed at apex; 1-2 
on very short stems; May; branches smooth or prickly ; fruit 
smooth, purple, small. New England to Illinois; moist ground. 
(Pl. VIII.) 
162. Round-leaved Gooseberry. (Ribes rotundifolium.) 
LEAF : asin 160, but more roundish, and commonlv not cordate. 
FLOWER: as in 160, but stamens /onger than cyndrical calyx; 
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