Trees, Shrubs and Vines 
173. Green Alder. Mountain Alder. (Alnus viridis.) 
LEAF: much asin 171. FLOWER: as in 171, but the pistillate 
formed in spring (not late in previous year, as is the case with 
both pistillate and staminate catkins of 171, 172), and the flowers 
appear wth, not before, the leaves ; seeds winged ; in 171, 172 
they are wengless. Western Massachusetts, west and north, and 
in Alleghany Mountains. 
174. Hazel-nut. (Corylus americana.) 
LEAF: 3'-6', simple, alternate, serrate, roundish, base slightly 
cordate, apex slightly tapering. FLOWER: staminate (8 stamens 
in each) in long pendent catkins; pistillate (one style with 2 stig- 
mas in each), several in a short ovoid catkin ; April before leaves ; 
fruit, a hard oval nut, enclosed in a leafy cup of 2 separate, 
broad, deeply serrate or lobed bracts. (Pl. X.) 
175. Beaked Hazel-nut. (Corylus rostrata.) 
LeaF: as in 174, but often smaller. FLOWER: as in 174, but 
the leafy bracts around fruit extended in a long bristly tube above 
the nut. Commoner north ; 2°-6° high. 
176. Scrub Oak. Dwarf Chestnut Oak. (Quercus Muhlen- 
bergii.) 
LEAF: 3'-4', simple, alternate, coarsely round-toothed or 
slightly lobed, long-obovate, base sharp, glossy above, whitish or 
bluish and slightly downy beneath. FLOWER: yellowish green ; 
staminate in slender pendent catkins (calyx 2—8-lobed) ; pistillate 
(with 3-lobed stigma) single or few-clustered ; in spring. Massa- 
chusetts, west and south ; 2°-4° high. (PI. X.) 
177. Bear Oak. Black Scrub Oak. (Quercus ilicifolia.) 
LEAF : 2’-4', simple, alternate, about 5-lobed (lobes rounded 
and bristle-pointed), long-obovate, base wedge-shaped, whitish 
downy beneath, thickish. FLOWER: as in 176. New England 
to Ohio, and south; on sandy or rocky ground; 3°-8° high. 
GPL.) 
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