Trees, Shrubs and Vines 
THE BASE (Fig. 6) may be square (a), rounded (b), tapering 
(c), wedge-shaped (d), pointed (e), or cordate (more or less heart- 
shaped) (f). 
THE APEX may be blunt, sharp, taper-pointed, or notched 
(emarginate) (Fig. 7). 
THE EDGE (Fig. 8) may be entire (a), wavy (b), or variously 
cut; when the incisions are small, it is serrate or toothed (c) ; 
when large, lobed (d); with long, sharp projections it is dr¢stle- 
pointed (e) ; there is great variety in size and form of teeth and 
lobes ; many leaves are both serrate and lobed. All the varia- 
tions in form and edge of simple leaves may occur in the leaflets 
of a compound leaf. 
BLOSSOM 
A complete blossom has four distinctive parts: viz., calyx, co- 
rolla, stamens and pistil (Fig. 9). 
CALYX: this is an outer whorl, usually resembling minute 
narrow green leaves, either distinct from each other, or more or 
less grown together, and often with only the apex of each distinct, 
in the form of a tooth; the parts of the calyx are called sepals. 
COROLLA: this is an inner whorl, usually much larger than the 
calyx, and variously colored—the showy part of the flower; the 
parts, called etals, are either distinct, or more or less grown to- 
gether, often separate only at the apex, the lobes showing the 
number of petals. When the petals are entirely distinct the blos- 
som is called polypetalous (many-petaled) (Fig. 10); when more 
or less united by their edges, monopetalous (one-petaled) (Fig. 
11) ; if corolla and calyx are not both present, it is the corolla that 
is lacking, while the calyx is often colored like a corolla; the 
flower is then afetalous (without petals). 
STAMENS (Fig. 12): consisting of filament and anther ; the 
former usually slender and thread-like, enlarged at apex into the 
anther that contains the pollen; the filament is sometimes short 
and stout. 
PisTIL (Fig. 13): consisting of seed-case (a) at base of flower, 
surmounted by an erect slender sty (b) (much like filament of 
stamen), longer or shorter, and swollen at apex into a stzgma (c), 
for receiving the pollen. 
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