Ranialcy : seedlings of certain woody plants. 85 



Parthenocissiis qninquefolia. In Ailaiithus ghindulosa, however, 

 the first few leaves are merely trifoliate while later ones are pin- 

 nate. Parhinso)iia and Glcditsia produce pinnate foliage leaves 

 at once, although the earlier leaves have fewer leaflets than those 

 that come afterward. 



If the later-formed leaves are not compound but merely 

 lobed or cleft there may be traced a more or less gradual transi- 

 tion to that shape from the entire or more nearly entire first 

 leaves, e. g.^ Broussonctia papyri/era, Liriodendron tiilipifera. 



In nearly all cases where the first two leaves are opposite and 

 the later ones alternate, it is to be noted that the third and fourth 

 are nearly opposite, the fifth and sixth are closer together on 

 the stem than the fourth and fifth or than the sixth and seventh ; 

 e.g., Rhammis pursk/ana, Eucalyptus sp^., Ulmiis spp. In 

 other words, the transition from the opposite to the alternate ar- 

 rangement is usually gradual. 



The cotyledons of many species increase considerably in size 

 after they escape from the seed coat ; this is particularly notice- 

 able in Schiuui inolle, Ce?-cis canadensis, and some others. In 

 other species there is very little increase in the size of the coty- 

 ledons after they first appear, e. g., Rhafunus piirshiana, Ailan- 

 thus glandulosa. 



Cotyledons of rather remarkable shape were noted in the fol- 

 lowing species : Celtis occidentalis, Catalpa spcciosa. Euca- 

 lyptus globulus, Tecoma j-adicans, Acer negundo, Berchemia 

 racemosa, Butncria floj'ida and fcj'tilis. The first four named 

 have the cotyledons bifid or variously notched or refuse. 



Catalpa and Tecoma, both Bignoniaceous plants, have very 

 similar cotyledons. The peculiar asymmetrical cotyledons of 

 Butneria jlorida are reproduced exactly in B. fertilis. Euca- 

 lyptus globulus, on the other hand, does not agree at all, in the 

 shape of its cotyledons, with E. citriodora and E. coryinbosa. 

 These have rotund-orbicular cotyledons. The long, narrow 

 cotyledons of Acer negundo are quite different from those of 

 A. saccharinum. Berchemia racemosa has ligulate cotyledons, 

 while in Rhamnus furshiana, the only other plant of the same 

 family investigated, the cotyledons are obovate. The large 

 notched cotyledons of Celtis occidentalis do not resemble those 

 of the other Ulmacete examined. This, is, however, to be ex- 

 pected from the great difference in the character of the fruit 

 in Celtis and Ulmus. 



