Freeman : observations on constantinea. 179 



growing upon holdfasts of JSfereocystis liltheana in 8 fathoms 

 of water at Channel Rocks, near Seattle, Washington. Dur- 

 ing the summer of 1898 large collections were made at many 

 of the stations where Dr. Lyall collected in 1859-1861. Col- 

 lections were made at the following places: (i) Fairhaven, 

 Washington, May 25. Washed up on the beach. (2) Near 

 Minnesota reef, San Juan island, Washington. June 5. At- 

 tached to stones on a flat, sandy beach. This and the three 

 following were found just below lowest tide. (3) Near Friday 

 Harbor, San Juan island, Washington. June 5. Attached to 

 rocks on rocky, steep beach. (4) Oak Bay (a suburb of Vic- 

 toria), British Columbia. July i. On a sandy beach. (5) 

 Esquimalt, British Columbia. July 2. Attached to rocks. 

 The first and last two collections contained abundant tetraspore 

 material. 



Preservation. — The material collected in 1897 was killed and 

 preserved in 80% alcohol. Owing to the small amount of this 

 material and to the better condition of that collected in 1898, 

 all of the following drawings except Fig. i have been made 

 from the 1898 material. The larger part of it was killed and 

 preserved in a 2 per cent, formalin solution in sea water. In 

 this the color was very well preserved. The firmness of the 

 tissues, however, suffered considerably more in the formalin- 

 solution material than did that of the alcohol material of 1897. 

 The formalin material was still sufficiently firm to admit of very 

 satisfactory manipulation. Still other plants were preserved in 

 camphor water, and some in i per cent, chromic acid solution. 

 The camphor material lost its color almost as completely as the 

 alcoholic. It preserved, however, a great firmness, which ren- 

 dered the tissues excellent for section cutting, and especially 

 for hand sections. The gelatinous cell walls, however, were 

 so cleared that they were not as easily defined as in the formalin 

 material. The chromic acid collections were in a poor state of 

 preservation ; the tissues were very soft, the cell walls almost 

 invisible and the contents usually, at least partially, disorganized. 



Methods. — Various methods were employed in cutting the tis- 

 sues. A part of the material was transferred directly fromi 

 water to 20 per cent, glycerine, thence to a gum arable solution 

 upon an Osterhout freezing chamber.* Material was some- 

 times placed directly from the sea water on the freezing chamber 



* Osterhout, W. J. V. Bot. Gaz. 21 : 195. 1896. 



