Fink : LICHENS OF THE MINNESOTA X'ALLEY. 301 



well supplied with moisture. The first of the formations is 

 almost completely shaded, but the second is only partially 

 shaded, moisture, the thing really sought by the plants, being 

 sufficient in more or less exposed spots so that the less ombro- 

 phytic plants of the group thrive twenty or thirty feet from 

 the water's surface, and even the more shade-loving ones are 

 found in exposed spots nearer the water. I shall now record 

 the formations as follows, designating the less ombrophytic 

 plants of the second formation thus ( ?}. For these formations 

 I suggest the following name from a plant almost wholly con- 

 fined to them in Minnesota. 



Usnca harbata rtibiginca lichen formation of damp sandstone 

 bluffs (Minneopa Falls). 



Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. var. farinacea Schaer. 



XJsnea barbata (L.) Fr. var. hirta Fr. 



Usnea barbata (L.) Fr. var. rubiginea Michx. 



Peltigera canina (L.) Hoffm. var. sorediata Ach. 



Leptogium chloromelum (Sw.) Nyl. 



Pannaria languinosa (Acii.) Koerb. 



Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Fr. 



Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Fr. var. racemosa Fr. 



Urceolaria scruposa (L.) Nyl. 



Usnea barbata rubiginea lichen formation of damp sandstone 

 bluffs (Minneapolis). 



Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. var. farinacea Schaer., C. 



Usnea barbata (L. ) Fr. var. hirta Fr., C. 



Usnea barbata (L.) Fr. var. rubiginea Micnx.? C. 



Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.) Ach. ? T. 



Peltigera canina (L.) Hoffm. var. sorediata Schaer., CE. 



Pannaria languinosa (Ach.) Koerb., C. 



Lecanora subfusca (L.) Ach. var. coilocarpa Ach. ? T. 



Urceolaria scruposa (L.) Nyl.? C. 



Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Fl., T. 



Cladonia cornucopioides (L.) Fr.? E. 



Endocarpon pusillum (Hedw.) var. garovaglii Kph., E. 



