MARYLAND WEATHER SERVICE 105 



found on other soil? chiefly in swamps or low ground, and the fact 

 is even more notably applicable to the shrubs. 



The Clay Upland Swamps occur extensively in Dorchester County 

 and are characterized by a close similarity to the ordinary Clay 

 Upland forest, but have a greater proportion of deciduous trees, a 

 richer and constant stand of shrubs and almost complete absence of 

 herbaceous vegetation. Here prevail conditions extremely hostile to 

 soil aeration, and the plant covering is more notable for the species 

 which are absent from it than for those that are present. 



Under Sandy Loam Upland "Forests and Sandy Loam Upland 

 Swamps will be comprised the description of all vegetation on the 

 Sassafras and Portsmouth sandy loams as well as on the Norfolk and 

 Portsmouth sands, for there are no marked and constant character- 

 istics distinguishing the plant-covering of these several soils. On 

 the Sandy Loam Uplands there may occur pure or nearly pure stands 

 of the Loblolly Pine, but these are beyond doubt due to artificial 

 conditions. There is no doubt but that the virgin forests of the 

 lighter soils of the Talbot formation formed a mixed stand of pine 

 and deciduous species. The Scrub Pine is a frequent associate of 

 the Loblolly in the Sandy Loam Uplands, and at many localities 50 

 per cent, of the forest is made up of the Scrub Pine, the White Oak, 

 other oaks and the Sweet Gum. 



The Sandy Loam Upland Swamps occur chiefly south of the 

 Xanticoke Paver, and may occupy untapped divides or may lie back 

 of marshes. The predominant tree is the Loblolly Pine, while the 

 admixture of 10 to 40 per cent, of deciduous species is made up of 

 the Willow Oak, Water Oak, Cow Oak, Holly, Magnolia and White 

 Oak. Where the deciduous species are more abundant the under- 

 growth is dense; where the Loblolly is dominant the undergrowth is 

 sparser. 



The Upland forests of the Wicomico terrace exhibit a marked 

 difference in their composition as one travels northward from Salis- 

 bury through the portions of Wicomico, Caroline, Queen Anne'-; ami 

 Kent counties which lie near the Delaware line. The difference is 

 chiefly due to the gradual disappearance of the Loblolly Pine and 

 the coming in of hickories, the Chestnut and the Chestnut Oak, 

 resulting in a transition from forests which are chieflv coniferous in 



