118 THE PLANT LIFE OF MARYLAND 



Wood ward ia virgin ica 

 Gratiola j)ilosa 

 Triadenum virginicum 

 Rynchospora comiculata 

 Pan icum barbulatum. 



THE WICOMICO TERBACE. 



Upland Forest. — Extending from northern Worcester County to 

 southern Cecil the area of the Upland of the Wicomico formation 

 presents a striking difference south of Queenstown, Greensborough 

 and Denton and north of these towns. In both regions the Wicomico 

 Upland is the choicest agricultural land of the several counties, 

 and in portions of Queen Anne's and Kent so thoroughly has it been 

 cleared that one may often ride for an hour without seeing any 

 forest whatever. After due allowance has been made for altera- 

 tion in the character of the forests due to their being in earlier or 

 later stages of reforestation, there is still a very distinct difference 

 between the coniferous forests of the southern counties and the 

 purely deciduous forest of the region lying north of the towns just 

 mentioned. These will be discussed separately. 



Coniferous Upland Forest. — These forests arc well within the 

 range of the Loblolly Pine, and are made up of that tree together 

 witli the Scrub Pine in varying percentages of admixture. The 

 pines may form from 60% to 100% of the stand, decreasing in their 

 dominance with age, but never disappearing from their associa- 

 tion with the deciduous trees in the eldest stands. The commonest 

 of the deciduous trees in tins type of forest are the White Oak and 

 the Spanish Oak, which together seldom form less than 75% of the 

 deciduous element. Other associates are the Black Oak, Sweet 

 Gum, Sassafras, the Black Jack Oak, the Pig-nut Hickory, the 

 Mocker-nut Hickory, the Willow Oak, the Black Gum and the 

 Persimmon. Among the infrequent trees in this forest are the 

 Scarlet Oak, the Post Oak, the Beech and the Eed Maple. The 

 ( 'hestnut is noticeably rare. 



The variable stand of shrubs is made up of: Gaylussacia resin- 

 ,,sti. Y actinium corymhosum, Rhus <-t>i>a!liim. Myrica carolinensis, 

 Viburnum prunifolium and Cormts florida. 



