224 THE PLANT LIFE OF MARYLAND 



Roadsides. — In the Upper Midland District one of the most 

 abundant plains of the roadside, margins of woods and similar 

 habitats, is Anemone virginiana. Along the roads in open locations 

 are Lactuca scariola, Medicago lupulina, Specularia perfoliala and 

 Cirnicifuga racemosa. Upon the elevated hanks along the roads the 

 ( Chinquapin is a rather frequent shrub and the Locust tree is com- 

 mon. The latter seems to have a great tolerance for lime in the 

 soils that it occupies, for it has been seen in a number of instances 

 growing within the burn-pit of abandoned lime-kilns. The Sumac 

 (Rhus copallina) is frequent, as are also Eupatorium perfoliatum, 

 Eupatorium purpureum and Euphorbia corollata. 



The actual proportion of Chestnut present in the forest of these 

 slopes is probably not less than half, for the trees in flower seem 

 to cover nearly two-thirds of the visible canopy, but as they then 

 hide the less conspicuous trees, the former proportion is the more 

 likely. This refers of course only to trees of full size. 



Valleys. — In the deeper valleys of the streams which drain the 

 rolling ground, there are frequently small areas of swampy land, 

 some of these are due to natural conditions, while others are arti- 

 ficial in origin. In either case the floral conditions are quite sim- 

 ilar, and while the succession of forms may be quite different, the 

 species present are likely to be very much the same in swampy areas 

 of any considerable age. In a swamp at the head of a small mill 

 pond south of Westminster, the following plants were noted: 



Orontium aquaticum 



Sagittaria latifolia 



Sparganium androcladum 



Alisma plantago-aquatica 



Campanula americana 



Ilydrocotyle americana 



Impatiens biflora 



Selaginella aptis 



Sphagnum sp. 



Osmunda cinnamomca 



Eupatorium perfoliatum 



Potomageton nuttallii 



Minis rugosa 



Polygonum sagittatum. 



