EUPHORBIACEJS. 165 



resembles so many small clistiuct glands, encii-cled by cellules in 

 masses to whicli the resinous contents give a red colour more or less 

 brown or crimson. This sort of coloured flour has served for a long 

 time in India to dye silks ; it was introduced into Europe some years 

 since as the best dye known to the Indians. There are many other 

 plants among the Euphorhiaccœ with colouring and tinctorial properties. 

 Those which contain the reddish juices we have spoken of, which 

 desiccation renders more or less bluish, like our 3Iercurialis, 

 are especially of this kind. The best known in Europe is Tourne- 

 solia tinctorial which grows in the region of the Mediterranean, and 

 is cultivated principally at Grand-Gallargues for the manufacture 

 of turnsole with rags. The rags impregnated with juice pressed 

 from this plant are submitted to the action of ammonia, which 

 reddens them ; and the colouring matter then serves for tinting 

 cheese, liqueurs, syrups, and preserves. It has also been pro- 

 posed to prepare tm-nsole in cakes. Mercurialis perennis,^ which 

 colours paper blue, has also been proposed as a dye plant, and the 

 same with M. annualis^ (fig. 177-184); but these slightly active 

 plants are best known at present as laxative medicines.* This 

 property resides in their organs of vegetation, and it is the same 

 with many species of Eupkorbia acting as évacuant remedies. Eu- 

 phorbia Ipecacuanha^ from North America, is an energetic vomitive, 



1 CrotoH linctorim L. Spec. 1004. — Geisel. de chien, M. sauvage, des hois, de montagne.) 

 Crot. Mon. 68.— DO. FI. Fr. iii. Zil.—C. ver- ^ M. anima L. Spec. 1465.— DC. FI. Fr. iii. 

 haseifolius W. Spec. iv. 539. — C. patulus Lag. 328.— Gren. et Godr. FI. de Fr. iii. 99. — 

 Nov. Oen. et Spec. 21. — C. villosus Sibth. et Sm. Reichb. le. FI. Germ. v. t. 151. — Payer, Or- 

 Fl. Giœc. t. 951. — C. oblongifoUus Sieb. ex ganog. t. 110. — GuiB. op. cit. ii. 342. — Moa. 

 Spueng. Syst. iii. 850. — Crozophora tinctoria A. Bot. Med. 34, fig. 3, 4. — H. Bn. Ettphorbiac. 

 Juss. Euphorb. t. 7, fig. 25.— Nées, Geii. ii. t. t. 9, fig. 12-29; in Diet. Encyd. Se. Méd. p. ii. 

 37. — JoLY, Obs. sur les PI. à conl. bleue, t. 5. — vii. 89. — M. ambigiia L. F. Dec. i. 15, t. 8. — 

 Reichb. le. FI. Germ. v. t. 52. — Guib. op. cit. M. ciliata Pkesl, Bel. 56. — M. Hnetii Hanr. 

 ii. 342. — LiNDL. FI. Med. 178. — Rosenth. op. [FoiroUe, Leuzette, Cagarelle, Ramherge, Vignette, 

 cit. 837. — M. Arg. Prodr. 748. — C. verbascifolia Ortie bâtarde, 0. morte, Marcois, Mercoret, etc.) 

 A. Juss. loc. cit. 28. — C. iiifegrifulia Bunge, ■• There has sometimes been employed for the 

 Rcl. Lehm. 450. — C. hierosoh/mitaiia Spreng. loc. same purpose the M. eltiptica Vent, et tonien- 

 cit. [Tournesol, Héliotrope, Gabbêré, Herbe de tosa L. Sprengel thinks that the latter must 

 Clytie.) be the ^iwov of Diosooride (see H. Bn. in 



2 Mercurialis perennis L. Spec. 1465. — DC. Diet. Encycl. Sc. Méd. p. ii. vii. 90. 



Fl. Fr. iii. 328.— Gren. et Godh. Ft. de Fr. ''L. Amœn. iii. 117.— Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 



iii. 99.— Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 152.— Mer. 1145.— .Bo!". Mag. t. 1794.— Boiss. Prodr. 101, 



et Del. Diet. Mat. Med. iv. 372. — Guib. op. cit. n. 391. — Bigel. Med. Bot. iii. t. 52. — E. gracilis 



ii. 342. — LiNDL. Fl. Med .18S. — M. Arg. Prodr. Ell. Sketch, ii. 657. — E. portulacoides L. loc. cit. 



796, n. 5. — H. Bn. in Diet. Encycl. Sc. Méd. p. ii. — Anisophyllum Ipecacuanha Haw. PI. Succ. 



vii. 90.— jif. orata Host, Fl. Austr. ii. 666. — 164. 

 M, Cyiioeramie Scot, Fl. Carniol. ii. 666. {Chou 



