78 VIOLACE.E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 



5. V. pallistris, L. (Marsh V.) Smooth; leaves round-heart-shaped 

 and kidney-form, slightly crenate ; flowers (small) pale lilac with purple streaks, 

 nearly beardless ; spur very short and obtuse. — Alpine summits of the White 

 Mountains, New Hampshire, and high northward. June. (Eu.) 



6. V. Selkirkii, Pursh., Goldie., 1822. (Great-spcrred V.) Small and 

 delicate ; the filiform rootstoek fibrose-rooted, no runners above ground ; smooth, 

 except the round-heart-shaped crenate leaves, which are minutely hairy on .the 

 upper surface and have a deep narrowed sinus ; spur very large, thickened at the 

 end, almost as long as the beardless pale violet petals. (V. umbrosa, Fries, 1828. 

 V. Kamtschatica, Gingins, 1826.) — Damp and shady soil, W. Massachusetts to 

 Chatauque Co., N. Y. ( Clinton), L. Superior (Robbins), and northward : rare. — 

 Scapes and petioles l'-2', the leaf J' -14' long, thin ; the spur 3" long. (Eu.) 



* * * * Flowers violet or purple (or rarely almost white) : rootstocks fleshy and thick- 

 ened or tuberous, mostly erect or ascending, producing neither runners nor runner- 

 like subterranean branches. 



7. V. eucullata, Ait. (Common Blue V.) Rootstocks thickly dentate 

 with fleshy teeth, branching and forming compact masses ; leaves all long-petioled 

 and upright, heart-shaped with a broad si?nts, varying to kidney-shaped and dilated- 

 triangular, smooth, or more or less pubescent, the sides at the base rolled in- 

 wards when young, obtusely serrate ; lateral and often the lower peteils bearded ; 

 spur short and thick ; stigma slightly beaked or beakless. — Low grounds, com- 

 mon everywhere. — Very variable in size, shape of leaves and sepals, and in the 

 color and size of the flowers, which are deep or pale violet-blue or purple, some- 

 times nearly white, or variegated with white. Scapes 3'- 10' high. Passes by 

 intermediate forms of ail sorts into 



Var. palmata. (Hand-leaf V.) Leaves variously 3-1 <left or parted, or 

 the earlier ones entire on the same individual. (V. palmata, L.) — Common, 

 especially southward. 



Var. cordata. Leaves chiefly round-heart-shaped and prostrate, sometimes 

 villous, sometimes nearly glabrous, small. ( V. villosa and V. cordata, Walt. 

 V. sorbria, Willd.) — Common southward ; a variety growing in drier soil or 

 more exposed situations. 



8. V. sagittata, Ait. (Arrow-leaved V.) Smoothish or hairy ; leaves 

 on short and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, varying from 

 oblong-heart-shaped to halberd-shaped, arrow-shaped, oblong-lanceolate or ovate, denticu- 

 late, sometimes cut-toothed near the base, the lateral or occasionally all the 

 (pretty large purple-blue) petals bearded ; spur short and thick ; stigma beaked. 

 (V. ovata, Xuft., and V. emarginata, Le Conte, are states of this variable spe- 

 cies.) — Dry or moist open places, Xew England to Illinois and southward. — 

 Rootstoek nearly as in the preceding, into which some forms seem to pass, 



9. V. delphinifblia, Nutt. (Larkspur V.) Daves all pal mutely or pe- 

 dateJy 5 - "-parted, divisions 2 - 3-cleft ; lobes linear ; lateral petals bearded ; stigma 

 short-beaked ; otherwise like the next. — Rich prairies, Illinois and westward. 



10. V. pedata, L. (Bird-foot V.) Nearly smooth; rootstoek short and 

 very thick, erect, not scaly; leaves all 3-5-divided, or the earliest only parted, 

 the lateral divisions 2-3-parted, all linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2- 



