VIOLACE^E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 79 



3-toothcd or cut at the apex ; petals beardless ; stigma nearly bcakless. — Sandy 

 or gravelly soil, New England to Illinois and southward. — Flower large, 1' 

 broad, pale or deep lilac-purple or blue. 



Var. bicolor. A very handsome variety, with the two upper petals deep 

 violet, and as it were velvety, like a pansy, occurs sparingly from Massachusetts 

 to Maryland, &c. 

 § 2. Leafy-stemmed Violets : all but the last perennial from short rootstocks. 



* Leaf-bearing from base to summit, usually branching and flowering all summer: 

 stipules entire or barely toothed, not foliaceous. 



11. V. canina, L., var. sylvestris, Regel. (Dog V.) Low (3'-8' high) ; 

 stems ascending, mostly simple, from the base at length producing creeping 

 branches ; leaves heart-shaped, or the lowest kidney-form, crenate, the uppermost 

 slightly pointed ; stipules lanceolate, fringe-toothed ; spur cylindrical, half the 

 length of the light violet petals, the lateral ones slightly bearded ; stigma beaked. 

 (V. sylvestris, Lam. V. Muhlenbergii, Torr., and former ed.) — Damp or wet 

 shady places : common. May- July. (Eu.) 



12. V. rOatrata, Pursh. (Long-spurred V.) Stems ascending (3' -6' 

 high); leaves roundish- heart-shaped, serrate, the upper acute; stipules lance- 

 olate, fringed-toothed, large ; spur slender (£ long), longer than the pale violet beard- 

 U ss petals ; style straight and slender ; stigma terminal, beakless. — Shaded hill- 

 sides, Maine to Ohio and Kentucky, and southwards in the Alleghanies : rather 

 rare. June, July. 



13. V. Striata, Ait. (Pale V.) Stems angular, ascending (6'- 10' high) ; 

 leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute ; stipules oblong-lanceolate, large, 

 strongly fringed-toothed ; spur thickish, much shorter than the cream<olored or white 

 petals, the lateral ones bearded, the lower striped with purplish lines ; stigma 

 beaked. — Low grounds; common, especially westward. April -Oct. 



14. V. Canadensis, L. (Canada V.) Upright (l°-2° high); leaves Q [aA' 

 heart-shaped, pointed, serrate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire; petals white or 

 whitish inside, the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral 

 bearded; spur very short ; stigma beakless. — Rich woods; common northward 



and along the Alleghanies.. May -Aug. 



# * Simple stems erect, naked below, 2- ^-leaved above : stipules nearly entire: flow- 

 ers yellow, in spring and early summer: stigma bearded on each side. 



15. V. pubescens, Ait. (Downy Yellow V.) Softly pubescent (6' - 

 12' high); leaves very broadly heart-shaped, toothed, somewhat pointed ; stipules 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; spur extremely short ; lower petals veined with 

 pnrple. — Woods ; common. 



Var. eriocarpa, Nutt. More pubescent, stout, l°-2°high; pods woolly. 

 (V. eriocarpa, Schwein.) — Common westward. 



Var. scabriuseula, Torr. & Gray. Smaller and greener, slightly pubes- 

 cent ; stems often decumbent (4'- 10' high). — Rhode Island to Kentucky. 



16. V. hastata, Michx. (Halberd-leaved V.) Nearly glabrous, slen- 

 der (4' -10' high); stem-leaves halberd-shaped or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly 

 serrate, acute ; stipules ovate, small ; spur very short. — Woods, X. Ohio (near 

 Painesville, Miss Shattuck), mountains of Penn., and southward : rare. 



