188 UMBELLIFER^E. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 



— therefore to be studied by their fruits, inflorescence, &c, which likewise 

 exhibit comparatively small diversity. The family is therefore difficult 

 for the young student. 



I. Inner face of each seed flat or nearly so (not hollowed out). 



* Umbels or heads simple or irregularly compound, sometimes proliferous (i. e. one from the 

 summit of another). 



1. Hydrocotj-le. Fruit smooth, orbicular or shield-shaped, flattened laterally. Leaves 



with an orbicular or roundish blade. 



2. Crantzia. Fruit smooth, globular, corky. Leaves are thread-shaped or awl-shaped 



petioles, with no true blade. 



3. Sanicula. Fruit clothed with hooked prickles, globular. Flowers polygamous, capitate 



in the umbellets. 



4. Eryngium. Fruit clothed with appressed scales or tubercles, top-shaped. Flowers 



perfect, in dense heads. 



* * Umbels compound and perfect ; i. e. its rays regularly bearing umbellets. 

 — Fruit beset with bristly prickles, not flat. 



5. Daucus. Fruit beset with weak prickles in single rows on the ribs. 



*- — Fruit smooth, strongly flattened on the back, and single-winged or margined at the junc- 

 tion of the 2 carpels (next to the commissure). 



6. Polytjenia. Fruit surrounded with a broad and tumid corky margin thicker than the 



fruit itself, which is nearly ribless on the back. 



7. Heracleum. Fruit broadly wing-margined : the carpels minutely 5-ribbed on the back : 



lateral ribs close to the margin. Flowers white, the marginal ones radiant. 



8. Pastinaca. Fruit wing-margined : ribs of the carpels as in No. 7. Flowers yellow, the 



marginal ones perfect, not radiant. 



9. Archemora. Fruit broadly winged : the 5 ribs on the back equidistant ; the 2 lateral 



ones close to the wing. Flowers white. Leaves pinnate or 3-foliolate. 



10. Tiedemannia. Fruit winged, much as in No. 9. Leaves simple, long and cylindrical, 



hollow, with some cross partitions. 

 ~ -^ — Fruit smooth, flat or flattish on the back, and double-winged or margined at the edge, 

 each carpel also 3-ribbed or sometimes 3-winged on the back. 



11. Angelica. Carpels with 3 slender ribs on the back ; a single oil-tube in each interval. 



Seed not loose. 



12. ArchangelJca. Carpels with 3 rather stout ribs on the back, and 2-3 or more oil- 



tubes in each interval adhering to the loose seed. 



13. C on iosel i n um. Carpels with 3 wings on the back narrower than those of the margins. 



— — — — Fruit smooth, not flattened either way, or only slightly so, the cross-section nearly 



orbicular or quadrate ; the carpels each with 5 wings or strong ribs. 



14. JEthusa. Fruit ovate-globose : carpels with 5 sharply keeled ridges, and with single 



oil-tubes in the intervals. 



15. Ligusticnm. Fruit elliptical : carpels with 5 sharp almost winged ridges, and with 



several oil-tubes in each interval. 



16. Thaspium. Fruit elliptical or ovoid: carpel3 5-winged or 5-ribbed, and with single 



oil-tubes in each interval. Flowers yellow or dark purple. 



— — *- — — Fruit smooth, flattened laterally or contracted at the sides, wingless. 

 1". Zizia. Flowers yellow. Fruit oval, somewhat twin : the carpels narrowly 5-ribbed : oil- 

 tubes 3 in each interval. Leaves compound. 



18. Buplenrum. Flowers yellow. Fruit ovoid-oblong: the carpels somewhat 5-ribbed. 



Leaves all simple. 



19. Discopleura. Flowers white. Fruit ovoid : the lateral ribs united with a thick corky 



margin. Leaves cut into capillary divisions. 



