196 UMBELLIFEE^E. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 



20. ClCUTA, L. Water-Hemlock. 



Calyx minutely 5-toothed. Fruit subglobose, a little contracted at the sides, 

 the carpels with 5 flattish and strong ribs : intervals with single oil-tubes. — 

 Marsh perennials, very poisonous, smooth, with thrice pinnately or ternately 

 compound leaves, the veins of the lanceolate or oblong leaflets terminating in 

 the notches. Involucre few-leaved : involucels many-leaved. Flowers white ; 

 in summer. (The ancient Latin name of the Hemlock.) 



1. C. maculata, L. (Spotted Cowbane. Musquash Eoot. Bea- 

 ver-Poison.) Stem streaked with purple, stout ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 

 coarsely serrate, sometimes lobed, pointed. — Swamps : common. Aug. — 

 Plant 3' - 6° high, coarse ; the root a deadly poison. 



2. C. bulbifera, L. Leaflets linear, remotely toothed or cut-lobed ; upper 

 axils bearing clustered bulblets. — Swamps : common northward : seldom fruiting. 



21. SIUM, L. Water-Parsnip. 



Calyx-teeth small or none. Fruit oblong, ovate or globular, flattish or con- 

 tracted at the sides ; the carpels with 5 mostly strong ribs : intervals with 1 - 

 several oil-tubes. — Marsh or aquatic perennials, smooth, poisonous, with sharp- 

 angled or grooved stems, simply pinnate leaves, and serrate or incised llaflets, 

 or the immersed leaves more compound. Involucre several-leaved. Flowers 

 white ; in summer. (Name supposed to be from the Celtic siu, water.) 



* Pericarp thin between the strong projecting ribs : lateral ribs marginal. 



1. S. lineare, Michx. Tall (2° -4°); leaflets linear, lanceolate, or oblong- 

 lanceolate, tapering to a sharp point, very sharply serrate ; calyx-teeth none or 

 obsolete ; fruit globular, with corky and very salient ribs, or rather icings ; oil-tubes 

 1 -3 in the very narrow intervals. (S. cicutaafolium, Gmelin, of Siberia is prob- 

 ably the same, and if so, the older name.) — In water or wet places : common. 



S. latif6lium, L., of Europe (for which broad-leaved forms of our plant 

 have been mistaken), if ever found in this country, will be known by its blunt 

 or less tapering leaves, slender calyx-teeth, and much less projecting or wing- 

 like ribs to the more oval fruit. 



2. S. Carsonii, Durand, ined. Smaller (1°- 2° high), branched ; leaflets 

 3-7, thin, varying from linear to oblong, acute, sharply serrate; calyx-teeth 

 none or obsolete ; fruit ovoid-globular, with strong filiform ribs, the broad inter- 

 vals with 1-3 conspicuous oil-tubes. — Wet banks of streams, or in flowing 

 water (when the submersed or floating leaflets are very thin, sometimes reduced 

 to the terminal one, ovate or oblong, and usually laciniate-toothed or dissected : 

 in this state it was doubtfully referred to Helosciadium nodiflorum, Koch, in 

 addend, to ed. 2). — Pennsylvania, around the Pocono Mountain, Prof. Traill 

 Green, Prof T. C. Porter, Dr. Carson. Connecticut, Prof. D. C. Eaton. 



* Pericarp of a thick texture, concealing the oil-tubes : ribs inconspicuous, the lateral 

 ones not quite marginal. (Berula, Koch.) 

 2. S. angUStif61ium, L. Low (9'- 20' high); leaflets varying from 

 oblong to linear, mostly cut-toothed and cleft or even pinnatifid ; peduncles 

 short ; fruit ovate ; calyx-teeth scarcely any. — Wet places, Massachusetts (M. 

 A. Curtis in herb Durand), Michigan, Illinois (Dr. Vasey), and westward. (Eu.) 



