RUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 211 



2. D. tferes, Walt. Hairy or minutely pubescent annual ; stem Spreading 

 3'- 9' long), nearly terete ; leaves linear-lanceolate, closely sessile, rigid ; flowers 

 1 -3 in each axil; corolla funnel-form (2"-3" long, whitish), with short lobes, 

 not exceeding the long bristles of the stipules ; style undivided ; fruit obovate- 

 turbinate, not furrowed, crowned with 4 short calyx-teeth. — Sandy fields, from 

 New Jersey and Illinois southward. 



4. CEPHALANTHUS, L. Button-bush. 



Calyx-tube inversely pyramidal, the limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4- 

 toothed ; the teeth imbricated in the bud. Style thread-form, much protruded. 

 Stigma capitate. Fruit dry and hard, small, inversely pyramidal, 2-4-celled, 

 at length splitting from the base upward into 2 - 4-closed 1-seeded portions. — 

 Shrubs, with the flowers densely aggregated in spherical peduncled heads. Flow- 

 ers white. (Name composed of KecpaXrj, a head, and av6os, a flower.) 



1. C. OCCidentalis, L. Smooth or pubescent; leaves petioled, ovate or 

 lanceolate-oblong, pointed, opposite or whorled in threes, with short intervening 

 stipules. — Wet places : common. July, Aug. 



5. MITCHELLA, L. Partridge-berry. 



Flowers in pairs, with their ovaries united. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla fun- 

 nel-form, 4-lobed ; the lobes spreading, densely bearded inside, valvate in the 

 bud. Stamens 4. Style 1 : stigmas 4, linear. Fruit a berry-like double drupe, 

 crowned with the calyx-teeth of the two flowers, each with 4 small and seed-like 

 bony nutlets. — A smooth and trailing small evergreen herb, with round-ovate 

 and shining petioled leaves, minute stipules, white fragrant flowers often tinged 

 with purple, and scarlet edible (but nearly tasteless) dry berries, which remain 

 over winter. Flowers occasionally 3 - 6-merous, always dimorphous ; all those 

 of some individuals having exserted stamens and included stigmas; of others, 

 included stamens and exserted style. (This very pretty plant commemorates 

 Dr. John Mitchell, an early correspondent of Linnaeus, and an excellent botanist, 

 who resided in Virginia. ) 



1. M. ripens, L. — Dry woods, creeping about the foot of trees: common. 

 June, July. — Leaves often variegated with whitish lines. Rarely the two flow- 

 ers are completely confluent into one, with a 10-lobed corolla. 



6. OLDENLANDIA, Plunder, L. Oldexlaxdia. 



Calyx 4- (rarely 5-) lobed, persistent. Corolla short, in our species wheel- 

 shaped; the limb 4- (rarely 5-) parted, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4 (rarely 

 5): anthers short. Style 1 or none: stigmas 2. Pod thin, 2-celled, many- 

 seeded, opening loculicidally across the summit. Seeds concave, very numer- 

 ous, minute and angular. — Low herbs, with small stipules united to the peti- 

 oles. (Dedicated, in 1703, to the memory of Oldenland, a German physician 

 and botanist, who died early at the Cape of Good Hope.) 



1. O. glomer&ta, Miehx. An inconspicuous, pubescent or smoothish, 

 branched and spreading annual (2' -12' high) ; leaves oblong ; flowers in sessile 



