COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 227 



opposite commonly heart-shaped and petiolcd leaves, and eorymbosc-paniclcd 

 flesh-colored flowers. (Named for Prof. Mikan, of Prague.) 



1. M. SC&ndens, L. Nearly smooth, twining ; leaves somewhat triangu- 

 lar-heart-shaped or halberd-form, pointed, toothed at the base. — Copses along 

 streams, E. New England to Kentucky and southward. July- Sept. 



8. CONOCLINIUM, DC. Mist-flower. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre bell-shaped, the nearly equal linear-awl- 

 shaped scales somewhat imbricated. Receptacle conical ! Otherwise as in Eu- 

 patorium, of which it is rather a section. — Perennial erect herbs, with opposite 

 petioled leaves, and violet-purple or blue flowers in crowded terminal corymbs. 

 (Name formed of kqivos, a cone, and kXivij, a bed, from the conical receptacle.) 



1. C. COelestinum, DC. Somewhat pubescent (1°- 2° high) ; leaves tri- 

 angular-ovate and slightly heart-shaped, coarsely and bluntly toothed. — Rich 

 soil, Pennsylvania to Michigan, Illinois, and southward. Sept. 



9. NARDOSMIA, Cass. Sweet Coltsfoot. 



Heads many-flowered, somewhat dioecious : in the sterile plant with a single 

 row of ligulate pistillate ray-flowers, and many tubular ones in the disk ; in the 

 fertile plant with many rows of minutely ligulate ray -flowers, and a few tubular 

 perfect ones in the centre. Scales of the involucre in one row. Receptacle flat. 

 Achenia terete. Pappus of soft capillary bristles, longer and copious in the fer- 

 tile flowers. — Perennial woolly herbs, with the leaves all from the rootstock, 

 the scape with sheathing scaly bracts, bearing heads of purplish or whitish fra- 

 grant flowers, in a corymb. (Name from vapbos, spikenard, and oo-prj, odor.) 



1. N. palmata, Hook. Leaves rounded, somewhat kidney-form, white- 

 woolly beneath, palmately and deeply 5-7-lobed, the lobes toothed and cut. 

 (Tussilago palmata, Ait. T. frigida, Bic/el.) — Swamps, Maine and Massachu- 

 setts to Michigan and northwestward : rare. April, May. — Full-grown leaves 

 (6'- 10' broad). 



10. TUSSILAGO, Tourn. Coltsfoot. 



Head many-flowered ; the ray-flowers narrowly ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in 

 many rows ; the tubular disk-flowers few, staminate. Scales of the involucre 

 nearly in a single row. Receptacle flat. Fertile achenia cylindrical-oblong. 

 Pappus capillary, copious in the fertile flowers. — Alow perennial, with hori- 

 zontal creeping rootstocks, sending up simple scaly scapes in early spring, bear- 

 ing a single head, and producing rounded-heart-shaped angled or toothed leaves 

 later in the season, woolly when young. Flowers yellow. (Name from tussis, 

 a cough, for which the plant is a reputed remedy.) 



1. T. Farfara, L. — Wet places, and along brooks, New England, New 

 York, and Pennsylvania ; thoroughly wild. (Nat. from Eu.) 



11. ADENOCAULON, Hook. Adenocaulox. 



Heads 5-10-flowered; the flowers all tubular and with similar corollas; the 

 marginal ones pistillate, fertile ; the others staminate. Scales of the involucre 



