COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 229 



slender naked petioles ; rays 6-9. — Woodlands : common, especially northward. 

 July, Aug. — Plant l°-2° high, with smaller heads, looser corymbs, rounder 

 and less rigid exterior iuvolucral scales, and thinner leaves than the next; not 

 rough, but sometimes pubescent. 



2. A. macrophyllUS, L. Stem stout and rigid (2° -3° high); leaves 

 thickish, rough, closely serrate, somewhat pointed; the lower heart-shaped (4'- 10' 

 long, 3' -6' wide), long-pctioled ; the upper ovate or oblong, sessile or on mar- 

 gined petioles; heads in ample rigid corymbs; rays 12-25 (white or bluish). — 

 Moist woods : common northward, and southward along the mountains. Aug., 

 Sept. — Involucre £' broad ; the outer scales rigid, oblong or ovate-oblong, the 

 innermost much larger and thinner. 



§ 2. CALLlASTRUM, Torr. & Gr. Scales of the involucre imbricated in several 

 rows, coriaceous, with short herbaceous tips: rays 12-30, violet or blue: achenia 

 narrow (smoothish) : pappus of rigid bristles of unequal thickness: stem-leaves all 

 sessile; lower ones not heart-shaped : heads few, or when several corymbose, large 

 and showy. (Allied to § 1, aud to Sericocarpus.) 



3. A. Radula, Ait. Stem simple or corymbose at the summit, smooth, 

 many-leaved (l°-3° high) ; leaves oblong-lanceolate pointed, sharply serrate in the 

 middle, very rough both sides and rugose-veined, clqsely sessile (2' -3' long), nearly 

 equal ; scales of the bell-shaped involucre oblong, oppressed, with very short and slightly 

 spreading herbaceous tips; achenia smooth. — Bogs and low grounds, Delaware 

 to Maine and northward, near the coast. Also Pocono Mountain, Penn. (Prof 

 T. Green) ; and a dwarf variety, with linear-lanceolate leaves, at White Moun- 

 tains, New Hampshire. Aug. — Eays light violet. Involucre nearly smooth, 

 except the ciliate margins. 



4. A. SUrculbsus, Michx. Stems slender (t°-1° high), from long and 

 slender, or here and there tuberous-thickened, creeping, subterranean shoots or suck- 

 ers, roughish-pubescent above, 1-2- or corymbosely several-lowered; leaves 

 roughish, obscurely toothed, lanceolate or the lower spatulate ; involucre obconical or 

 bell-shaped (£'- i' long), the whitish and coriaceous scales with short herbaceous 

 tips, the outer ones shorter ; achenia slightly pubescent. — Var. gracilis (A. gra- 

 cilis, Ntitt.) is a form with the scales of the narrower obconical involucre succes- 

 sively shorter and with very short and scarcely spreading green tips, resembling 

 a Sericocarpus. — Moist grounds, pine barrens of New Jersey and southward. 

 Sept. — Kays about 12, violet, 6" long. 



5. A. spectabilis, Ait. Stems (1°- 2° high) minutely rough and gland- 

 ular-pubescent at the summit ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, roughish, obscurely toothed, 

 tapering to the base ; sccdes of the short and almost hemispherical involucre linear-ob- 

 long, with conspicuous spatulate glandular-downy tips, the outermost scarcely shorter ; 

 achenia slightly pubescent. — Sandy soil, Massachusetts to New Jersey, near 

 the coast, and southward. Sept. -Nov. — One of the handsomest of the genus, 

 though the heads are few. The rays, about 20, are narrowly lanceolate, nearly 

 1' long, very deep violet-blue. Involucre J' long and wide. 



6. A. Herveyi, n. sp. Stem slender (l°-2° high), nearly smooth, the 

 summit and peduncles of the several corymbose heads minutely glandular-pubes- 

 cent; leaves thinnish, roughish, obscurely serrate, oblong-lanceolate, very acute, all but 



