262 COMPOSITE. (composite family.) 



apex. — Ponds and slow deep streams, Massachusetts (rare) to Illinois and 

 northward. Aug. - Oct. 



6. B. bipinnata, L. (Spanish Needles.) Smooth annual, branched ; 

 leaves. 1- 3-pinnately parted, petioled ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, mostly wedge-shaped 

 at the base; heads small, on slender peduncles; outer involucre of linear scales 

 equalling the short pale yellow rays ; achenia slender, 4-grooved and angled, nearly 

 smooth, 3-4-awned. — Dry soil, Connecticut to Illinois and southward. 



43. VERBESINA, L. Crownbeard. 



Heads several - many-flowered ; the rays pistillate, few, or sometimes none. 

 Scales of the erect involucre few, imbricated in 2 or more rows. Receptacle 

 rather convex; the chaff concave. Achenia flat (compressed laterally), winged 

 or wingless, 2-awned. — Perennial herbs ; the toothed or lobed leaves decurrent 

 on the stem. ("Name metamorphosed from Verbena.") 



1. V. Siegesbeckia, Miehx. Stem tall, 4-winged ; leaves opposite, ovate, 

 triple-nerved, serrate, pointed at both ends, often pubescent beneath (large and 

 thin); heads in compound corymbs; flowers yellow; rays 1-5, lanceolate; 

 achenia wingless. — Rich soil, S. Penn. to Illinois, and southward. July. 



2. V. Virgillica, L. Stem narrowly or interruptedly winged, downy- 

 pmbescent, like the lower surface of the ovate-lanceolate feather-veined alternate 

 leaves; heads in compound corymbs ; flowers white; rays 3-4, oval; achenia 

 narrowly winged. — Dry soil, Pennsylvania ? Illinois, and southward. Aug. 



4 4. DYSODIA, Cav. Fetid Marigold. 



Heads many-flowered, usually radiate ; the rays pistillate. Involucre of one 

 row of scales united into a firm cup, at the base some loose bractlets. Recep- 

 tacle flat, not chaffy, but beset with short chaffy bristles. Achenia slender, 4- 

 angled. Pappus a row of chaffy scales dissected into numerous rough bristles. 

 — Herbs, mostly annuals or biennials, dotted with large pellucid glands, which 

 give a strong odor (as in Tagetes, the French Marigold of the gardens, 

 which belongs to the same group) ; the heads terminating the branches : flow- 

 ers yellow. (Name 8vcra8ia, an ill smell, which the plants exemplify.) 



1. D. chrysanthemoid.es, Lag. Nearly smooth, diffusely branched 

 (6'- 18' high); leaves opposite, pinnately parted, the narrow lobes bristly- 

 toothed or cut; rays few, scarcely exceeding the involucre. — Roadsides, and 

 banks of rivers, from Illinois southward : a common weed ; now migrating east- 

 ward, established at Buffalo, N. Y., G. W. Clinton. Aug. - Oct. 



45. HYMENOPAPPUS, L'Her. Htmenopappus. 



Heads many-flowcrcd ; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales of the in- 

 volucre 6-12, loose and broad, thin, the upper part petal-like (usually white). 

 Receptacle small, naked. Corolla with large rcvolute lobes. Achenia top- 

 shaped, with a slender base, striate. Pappus of 15-20 small and blunt scales 

 in a single row, very thin (whence the name of the genus, from vfifju, membrane, 

 and irdmrvs, pappus). — Biennial or perennial herbs, with alternate mostly dis- 

 sected leaves, and corymbed small heads of usually whitish flowers. 



