324 SCROPHULARIACE^E. (FIGWORT FAMILY.) 



Order 68. SCROPHULARIACE^E. (Figwort Family.) 



Chiefly herbs (rarely trees), with didynamous or diandrous (or very rarely 

 5 perfect) stamens inserted on the tube of the 2-lipped or more or less irregu- 

 lar corolla, the lobes of which are imbricated in the bud: fruit a 2-celled and 

 usually many-seeded pod, with the placentae in the axis : seeds anatropous, 

 with a small embryo in copious albumen. — Style single : stigma entire or 

 2-lobed. Leaves and inflorescence various ; but the flowers not terminal 

 in any genuine representatives of the order. — A large order of bitterish, 

 some of them narcotic-poisonous plants : the two principal groups generally 

 distinguishable by the aestivation of the corolla. 



I. ANTIRRHINIDEiE. Upper lip of the corolla covering the lower in 

 the bud (with occasional exceptions in Mimulus, &c). Pod usually 

 septicidal. 



Tribe I. VERBASCEjE. Corolla nearly wheel-shaped. Flowers in a simple spike or 

 raceme. Leaves all alternate. 



1. Verbascum. Stamens 5, all with anthers, and 3 or all of them with bearded filaments. 

 Tribe II. ANTIRRHINEiE. Corolla tubular, with a spur or sac at the base below, 



the throat usually with a palate. Pod opening by chinks or holes. Flowers in simple 

 racemes or axillary. Lower leaves usually opposite or whorled. 



2. Liaaria. Corolla spurred at the base ; the palate seldom closing the throat. 



3. Antirrhinum. Corolla merely saccate at the base ; the palate closing the throat. 



Tribe III. <' HELOlVEiE. Corolla tubular, or 2-lipped, not spurred nor saccate below. 

 Pod 2-4-valved. Leaves opposite. Inflorescence usually compound ; the flowers in small 

 clusters or cymes in the axils of the leaves or bracts, the clusters spiked or racemed ; or 

 when reduced to a single flower the peduncle 2-bracteate. Stamens 4, with mostly a rudi- 

 ment of the fifth. 



4. Scrophularia. Corolla inflated, globular or oblong, with four erect lobes and one 



spreading one. Rudiment of the sterile stamen a scale on the upper lip. 

 6. Coll in sia. Corolla 2-cleft, the short tube saccate on the upper side ; the middle lobe of 

 the lower lip sac-like and enclosing the declined stamens. 



6. Chelone. Corolla tubular, inflated above. Sterile stamen shorter than the others. 



Anthers very woolly. Seeds winged. 



7. Pentstemon. Corolla tubular. Sterile stamen about as long as the rest. Seeds wingless. 

 Tribe IV. GRATIOLEJ!. Corolla tubular, not saccate nor spurred. Pod 2-valved. 



Inflorescence simple ; the flowers being, single in the axil of the bracts or leaves, the pe- 

 duncles bractless. Leaves all or the lower ones opposite. No rudiment of a fifth stamen. 

 * Stamens 4, all anther-bearing and similar. 



8. Mimulus. Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla elongated. 



9. Conobea. Calyx 5-parted, the divisions equal. Corolla short. 



10. Herpestis. Calyx 5-parted, unequal, the upper division largest. Corolla short. 



# * Anther-bearing stamens 2 : usually also a pair of sterile filaments. 



11. Gratiola. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens included ; the sterile pair short or none. 



12. Ilysanthes. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens included ; the sterile filaments protruded. 



II. RHINANTHIDEJE. Under lip or the lateral lobes of the corolla 

 covering the upper in the bud. Pod commonly loculicidal. 



Tribe V. SIBTHORPIE.K, VERONICEX, &c. Corolla wheel-shaped, salver- 

 shaped, or bell-shaped. Stamens 2 or 4, not approaching each other in pairs nor strongly 

 didynamous : anthers 2-celled. 



