328 SCROPHULARIACE^E. (FIGWORT FAMILY.) 



usually as long as the others, either naked or bearded. Seeds numerous, wing- 

 less, t Perennials, branched from the base, simple above, with opposite leaves, 

 the upper sessile and mostly clasping. Flowers mostly showy, thyrsoid or ra- 

 cemose-panicled. (Name from isivre^five, and orrjpwv, stamen; the fifth stamen 

 being present and conspicuous, although sterile.) 



* Sterile filament bearded down one side: flowers numerous in a loose and somewhat 



clammy panicle, white or purplish. 



1. P. pub^SCeilS, Solander. Moreor less pubescent (1°- 3° high) ; stem- 

 leaves lanceolate from a clasping base, serrate or sometimes entire ; corolla 2- 

 lipped, gradually widened upwards, somewftat flattened and one-ridged on the upper 

 side, and with 2 infolded lines on the lower which are bearded inside ; the throat 

 almost closed ; lower lip rather longer than the upper; sterile filament densely 

 yellow-bearded. — Varies greatly in the foliage, sometimes nearly glabrous, when 

 it is P. laevigatus, Solander, &c. — Dry banks, Connecticut to Wisconsin, and 

 southward. June - Sept. 



2. P. Digitalis, Nutt Nearly glabrous (2° - 4° high) ; stem-leaves ob- 

 long- or ovate-lanceolate, clasping, serrulate or entire ; corolla abruptly inflated and 

 almost bell-shaped from a narrow base, beardless, with the throat widely open, the 

 spreading lobes nearly equal ; sterile filament sparingly bearded. (Flowers more 

 showy than in the preceding, mostly white, over l'long). — Rich soil, Alexan- 

 dria, Virginia (A. H. Curtiss), to Illinois, and southward. June -Aug. 



# * Sterile filament nearly beardless, dilated and hooked at the end (rarely ivanting). 



3. P. grandifldrus, Fraeer. Very smooth and glaucous ; stems simple 

 (l°-3° high); leaves tbickish, ovate or rounded, the upper clasping ; flowers 

 (showy, 2' long) on short pedicels, in a long and narrow raceme rather than 

 panicle; corolla oblong-bell-shaped, almost regular, bluish or lilac-purple. — 

 Prairies, W. Wisconsin (Falls of St. Anthony, Lapham), and westward. June. 



8. MIMULUS, L. Monket-flower. 



Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, 5-toothed, the upper tooth largest. Corolla tubu- 

 lar ; the upper lip erect or reflexed-spreading, 2-lobed ; the lower spreading, 3- 

 lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma 2-lipped, the lips ovate. Seeds numerous. — Herbs, 

 with opposite leaves, and mostly handsome flowers on solitary axillary and 

 bractjess peduncles. (Name from /w/iia>, an ape, on account of the gaping corolla.) 

 * Erect from a perennial root, glabrous: leaves feather-veined : corolla violet-purple. 



1. M. ringens, L. Stem square (1°- 2° high); leaves oblong or lanceolate, 

 pointed, clasping by a heart-shaped base, serrate ; peduncles longer than the 

 flower ; calyx-teeth taper-pointed, nearly equal. — Wet places : common. July - 

 Sept. — Flower V ~\\' long, r,arely white. 



2. M. alatus, Ait. Stem somewhat winged at the angles ; leaves oblong- 

 ovate, tapering into a petiole ; peduncles shorter than the calyx, which has very 

 short abruptly pointed teeth : otherwise like the last. — Low grounds, Connecti- 

 cut to Illinois, and southward. 



* * Diffusely spreading : leaves several-nerved and veiny : corolla yellow. 



3. M. Jam6sii, Torr. Smooth or smoothish ; stems creeping at the base ; 

 stem-leaves roundish or kidney-shaped, nearly sessile, equalling the peduncles ; 



