CONYOLYULACRX. (COXVOLVULUS FAMILY.) 379 



and other herbs, Delaware to Wisconsin, and southwestward. — The large ovary 

 fills the shallow tube of the corolla. 



7. C. Gronbvii, Willd. Stems coarse, climbing high; flowers mostly 5- 

 cleft, peduncled, in close or mostly open paniculate cymes; corolla bell-shaped, 

 the tube longer than (or sometimes only as long as) the ovate obtuse entire 

 spreading lobes; scales large, converging, copiously fringed, confluent at the 

 base ; pod globose, umbonate, brown. (C. Americana, Pursh, &c. C. vulgivaga, 

 Em ^ I m. C. umbrbsa, Torr.) — Low, damp grounds, especially in shady places ; 

 everywhere common both east and west, and the principal species northward 

 and eastward : chiefly on coarser herbs and low shrubs. — The close-flowered 

 forms occur in the Northeastern States ; the loosely-flowered ones westward 

 and southward ; a form with 4-parted flowers was collected in Connecticut. C. 

 Sauriiri, Engdm., is a form with more open flowers, of a liner texture, in the 

 Mississippi valley. 



8. C. l'OStrata, Shuttleworth. Stems coarse, climbing high ; flowers 

 (2" -3" long) 5-parted, peduncled, in umbel-like cymes; corolla deep bell- 

 shaped, the tube twice as long as the ovate obtuse teeth of the calyx and its 

 ovate obtuse entire spreading lobes ; the large scales fimbriate, confluent at the 

 base ; styles slender, as long as the acute ovary ; the large pod "pointed. — 

 Shady valleys of the Alleghanies, from Maryland and Virginia southward ; on 

 tall herbs, rarely on shrubs. Flowers and fruit larger than in any other of our 

 species. 



* * Flowers sessile in compact and mostly continuous clusters: calyx of 5 separate 

 sepals surrounded by numerous similar bracts: remains of the corolla borne on the 

 top of the globose somewhat pointed pod. (Lepidanche, Engelm.) 



9. C. COmpacta, Juss. Stems coarse; bracts (3-5) and sepals orbicular, . ~ 

 concave, slightly crenate, oppressed, nearly equalling or much shorter than the cy- \ *"* 

 lindrical tube of the corolla ; stamens shorter than the oblong obtuse spreading 



lobes of the latter ; scales pinnatifid-fringed, convergent, confluent at the base. 

 C. coronata, Bet/rich (C. compacta, Choisy) is the Eastern and Southern form, 

 with a smaller, slenderer, more exserted corolla. C. (Lepidanche) adpressa, 

 Engdm., is the Western form, with a larger, shorter, nearly included corolla. 

 Both grow almost entirely on shrubs ; the first from X. New York, and Xew 

 Jersey southward ; the latter from Western Virginia to the Mississippi and 

 Missouri, in fertile shady bottoms. The clusters in fruit are sometimes fully 

 2' in diameter. 



10. C. glomerata, Choisy. Flowers very densely clustered, forming 

 knotty masses closely encircling the stem of the foster plant, much imbricated 

 with scarious oblong bracts, their tips recurved-spreading ; sepals nearly similar, 

 shorter than the oblong-cylindrical tube of the corolla ; stamens nearly as long 

 as the oblong-lanceolate obtuse spreading or reflexed lobes of the corolla ; scales 

 large, fringed-pinnatifid ; styles slender, longer than the pointed ovary ; the 

 pointed pod mostly 1 -2-seeded. (Lepidanche Compositarum, Engelm.) — Moist 

 prairies, Ohio to Wisconsin and southward : growing commonly on tall Com- 

 posite. — The orange-colored stems soon disappear, leaving only the close mat- 

 ted coils of flowers, appearing like whitish ropes twisted around the stems. 



