4G4 SALICACE^E. (WILLOW FAMILY.) 



toothed, smooth, paler and with veinlets reticulated beneath ; stipules kidney- 

 shaped or ovate, toothed, often large and conspicuous, of the length of the 

 (when young downy) petiole, or sometimes small and almost entire; catkins 

 appearing with the leaves, leafy at base, cylindrical, the fertile elongating in 

 fruit; ovary lanceolate, tapering to the summit. — Var. rigida has the leaves 

 large and rigid, with coarser teeth, of which the lowest are somewhat elongated. 

 (S. rigida, Muhl. S. Torreyana, Barratt, which has leaves of a deeper green 

 beneath, appears to belong here.) — Var. myricoides has narrower leaves, 

 neither heart-shaped nor truncate at the base. (S. myricoides, Muhl.) — Var. 

 angustAta has lanceolate tapering finely serrate leaves, acute at the base, and 

 a more slender style. (S. angustata, Pursh, & Ed. 2.) — Low or inundated 

 places : common. — Shrub or small tree, with leaves 2^'-6' long. 

 § 3. Catkins lateral, with a few leafy bracts at the base, appearing with the leaves in 

 May or June : ovary stalked, silky-hoary : stamens 2 : scales persistent. 



10. S. livida, Wabl, var. OCCident&lis. (Livid W.) Leaves oblong 

 or obovate-lanceolate, acute, obscurely toothed, downy above, prominently veiny, 

 softly hairy and glaucous beneath ; stipules semilunar, toothed ; catkins cylindrical, 

 the fertile becoming loose in fruit ; ovary almost linear ; style scarcely any ; 

 pods slender, tapering from near the base, their very slender stalk longer than the nar- 

 row scale. (S. rostrata, Richardson, & Ed. 2. S. vagans, cinerascens, var. occi- 

 dentalis, Anders.) — Moist or dry ground, New England to Penn., Illinois, and 

 northward : common. — Shrub 3° - 15° high. A transformation of the anthers 

 into imperfect ovaries is frequently observable in this species. 



11. S. chloroph^lla, Anders. (Green W.) Glabrous, except the cat- 

 kins ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong, mostly entire, obtuse or acutish at 

 both ends (1'- 2' long), shining above, pale or glaucous beneath; fertile cat- 

 kins dense, short-cylindrical; ovary ovoid-conical; pod silky, very short-stalked ; 

 style slender ; scale dark-colored, villous. (S. phylicifolia, Ed. 2, not of L.) — 

 Moist ravines, on the alpine summits of the White Mountains, New Hampshire 

 (Onkes, Tuckerman), and northward. — A low spreading shrub, with leaves of a 

 coriaceous texture when old. 



§ 4. Catkins peduncled (long and loose), borne on the summit of lateral leafy branches 

 of the season, appearing in May and June : scales greenish-yellow, more or less 

 hairy, falling before the pods are ripe : f laments hairy below. Shrubs and trees, 

 with the branches very brittle at the base. 



* Stamens 3-6 or sometimes more : ovary stalked, glabrous. 



12. S. llicida, Muhl. (Shining W.) Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate 

 and narrow, usually with a long tapering point, smooth and shining on both sides, 

 serrate; stipules oblong and toothed; stamens commonly 5, rarely 7-10; pods 

 tapering. — Along streams: rather common. — A beautiful species, sometimes 

 flowering at the height of 3°, sometimes becoming a small bushy tree of 12°- 

 15°. Probably the same as S. pentandra, L., of Eu. 



13. S. nigra, Marsh. (Black W.) Leaves narrowly lanceolate, pointed 

 and tapering at each end, serrate, smooth (except on the petioles and midrib) 

 and green on both sides ; stipules small, deciduous ; scales short and rounded, 

 woolly ; glands large, of the sterile flowers cleft, of the sterile kidney -shaped ; 



