470 CONIFERS. (PINE FAMILY.) 



(near Charlottesville, M. A. Curtis) to Perm., Prof. Porter, as far north as Port 

 Clinton near Reading (T. Median). — Sterile catkins 6" -9" long, with 6-8 in- 

 volucral scales. Seed with 2 or 3 slight ridges : cotyledons about 7. 



4. P. inops, Ait. (Jersey or Scrub Pine.) Leaves short (l^'-3' long) ; 

 cones oblong-conical, sometimes curved (2' -3' long), the scales tipped with a 

 straight or recurved awl-shaped prickle. — Barrens and sterile hills, New Jersey to 

 Kentucky and southward. A straggling tree, 15° -40° high, with spreading 

 or drooping branchlets : young shoots with a purplish glaucous bloom. Sterile 

 catkins linear-oblong, 5" -6" long, with about 8 involucral scales. 



5. P. Banksiana, Lambert. (Gray or Northern Scrub Pine.) 

 Leaves short (1' long), oblique, divergent; cones conical, oblong, usually curved 

 (l£'-2' long), smooth, the scales pointless. (P. rupestris, Michx.f.) — Rocky 

 banks, N. Maine, N. Michigan and Wisconsin, and northward. — A straggling 

 shrub or low tree (5° -20° high) : the sterile catkins nearly as in No. 4. Seed 

 with 2 or 3 ridges on the inner side : cotyledons 4 or 5. 



6. P. mitis, Michx. (Yellow Pine.) Leaves in pairs or sometimes in 

 threes, from long sheaths, slender (3' -5' long); cones ovate- or oblong-conical 

 (barely 2' long) ; the scales tipped with a minute and weak prickle. (P. variabilis, 

 Pursh. ) — Dry or sandy soil, W. New England ? and New Jersey to Wisconsin, 

 and common southward. — Tree 50° - 60° high, straight, producing a durable, 

 fine-grained, moderately resinous timber, valuable for flooring, &c. Leaves 

 more soft and slender than in any of the preceding, dark green. The western 

 form has more rigid leaves, and more tuberculate and spiny cones. Sterile 

 catkins linear, 6" -9" long, with 9-12 involucral scales. Seed with 2 or 3 

 rough ridges : cotyledons 5-7. 



* * Fertile catkins and cones terminal, the latter deciduous after shedding the seed: 

 their scales slightly thickened, pointless : leaves in tivos, slender. 



7. P. resindsa, Ait. (Red Pine.) Leaves from long sheaths, elongated 

 (5' -6' long), dark green; cones ovate-conical, smooth (about 2' long) ; sterile 

 catkins oblong-linear (6"- 9" long), subtended by about 6 involucral scales 

 which are early deciduous by an articulation above their base ; seeds slightly 

 ridged on the lower surface; cotyledons 6 or 7. (P. rubra, Michx.f.) — Dry 

 woods, Mass. to Penn., Wisconsin, and northward. — Tree 50° -80° high, with 

 reddish and rather smooth bark, and compact, not very resinous wood. — 

 Wrongly called Norway Pine. 



§ 2. Leaves 5 in a (loose-scaled entirely deciduous) sheath : cones terminal, deciduous 

 after shedding the seed ; their scales slightly if at all thickened at the end and 

 wholly destitute of prickle or point: bark smooth except on old trunks. 



8. P. Strdbus, L. (White Pine.) Leaves very slender, glaucous ; 

 sterile catkins oval (4" -5" long), with 6-8 involucral scales at base; fertile 

 catkins long-stalked, cylindrical ; cones narrow, cylindrical, nodding, often 

 curved (4' - 6' long) ; seed smooth ; cotyledons 8-10. — Cool and damp woods ; 

 common northward to the Mississippi, and southward in the Allcghanies. — 

 The White Pine (called in England Weymouth Pine) is our tallest tree, often 

 12()°- 100° in a straight column in primitive forests, and is invaluable for its 

 soft and light white or yellowish wood, in large trunks nearly free from resin. 



