498 ORCHIDACE^E. (ORCHIS FAMILY.) ' 



8. Calopogon. Lip bearded, stalked, free: column winged at the apex. Pollen-masses 4. 



* * Pollen in 4 - 8 smooth waxy masses, 

 j- Without stalks, attached directly to a large gland. 



9. Calypso. Lip inflated and sac-like. Column winged and petal-like. Stem 1-flowered. 



+- -t- With stalks to the 2 or 4 pollen-masses, connecting them with a gland. 



10. Tipularia. Lip short, flat, long-spurred beneath. Raceme many-flowered. 



h- ■>- *- With stalks to the 8 pollen-masses, but no gland. 



11. Bletia. Lip hooded, crested, spurless. Scape several-flowered. 



-i- .i- ■*- ■*- Without either stalks or glands to the 4 pollen-masses. 

 ++ Plants green and with ordinary leaves. Sepals spreading. 



12. Microsty lis. Column minute, round : anther erect. 



13. Liparls. Column elongated, margined at the apex : anther lid-like. 



++ ++ Plants tawny or purplish, leafless, or with a root-leaf only. 



14. Corallorhiza. Perianth gibbous at base, or with a spur adherent to the ovary. 



15. A plectrum. Perianth not gibbous nor spurred at base. A green autumnal leaf. 



II. Anthers two, or very rarely three. 



Tribe IV. CYPRIPEDIEJI. The stamen which bears the anther in the rest of 

 the order here usually forms a petal-like sterile appendage to the column. Pollen not in 

 masses : no stalks nor gland. 



16. Cypripedlum. Lip an inflated sac. Anthers 2, one each side of the column. 



1. ORCHIS, L. Orchis. 



Flower ringent; the sepals and petals nearly equal, all of them (in our 

 species) converging upwards and arching over the column. Lip turned down- 

 wards, coalescing with the base of the column, bearing a nectariferous spur at 

 the base underneath. Anther-cells contiguous and parallel. Pollen cohering 

 in numerous coarse waxy grains, which are collected on a cobweb-like elastic 

 tissue into 2 large masses (one filling each anther-cell) borne on a slender stalk, 

 the base of which is attached to a gland or sticky disk of the stigma, the two 

 glands contained in a common little pouch or hooded fold, placed just above the 

 orifice of the spur or nectary. Flowers showy, in a spike. — These glands stick 

 fast to the proboscis of a butterfly or some such insect introduced into the 

 nectar-bearing spur: when it flies to another flower, it drags out of the anther 

 and carries with it the pollen-masses, and applies them to the stigma of the 

 second or of several succeeding flowers, thus effecting cross-fertilization. 

 (*0/>xic, the ancient name.) 



1. O. spectabilis, L. (Showy Orchis.) Eoot of thick fleshy fibres, 

 producing 2 oblong-obovate shining leaves (3' -5' long), and a few-flowered 4- 

 angled scape (4' -7' high); bracts leaf-like, lanceolate; sepals and petals all 

 lightly united to form the vaulted galea or upper lip, pink-purple, the ovate un- 

 divided lip white. — Rich woods, New England to Kentucky and (especially) 

 northward. May. 



2. HABENARIA, Willd., R. Br. Rein-Orchis. 



Glands or viscid disks (to which the pollen-masses are attached) naked and 

 exposed, separate, sometimes widely separated (becoming attached, some to the 

 proboscis, others to the face or head of insects feeding upon the nectar of the 



