ORCHIDACE^E. (ORCHIS FAMILY.) 505 



galea ; the Up ovate-oblong, contracted below the rounded uriry-crenulate much re- 

 cur/; d summit, otherwise entire, the callosities at base globular and smooth ; 

 gland oblong-linear and the 2-horned beak of the stigma short. (S. gemmi'para, 

 Lindl. (Xeottia, Smith.) S. ccrnua, in part, Hook. & Ed. 2.) — High and cool 

 bogs, New York, from Herkimer and Otsego Co., to Lake Superior, and north- 

 westward. July, Aug. — Perianth about 4" long, pure white, smooth or 

 smoothish. (Eu. Bantry Bay, Ireland, only.) 



3. S. cernua, Richard. Stem leafy below and leafy bracted above (6' -20' 

 high) ; leaves linear-lanceolate, the lowest elongated (4'- 12' long, 2" -4" wide) ; 

 spike cylindrical, rather dense (2' -5' long) and with the flowers either pubes- 

 cent or nearly smooth ; perianth horizontal or recurving, the lower sepals not 

 upturned or connivent with the upper ; Up oblong and very obtuse when out- 

 spread, but conduplicate or the margins much incurved, wavy -crisped above the 

 middle, especially at the flatfish and recurved-spreading apex, the callosities at 

 the base prominent, nipple-shaped, somewhat hairy ; gland of the stigma linear, 

 in a long and very slender beak. — Common in wet places, especially eastward 

 and southward. Sept., Oct. — Very variable in size, foliage, &c. : the commoner 

 form, with pure white sweet-scented flowers, often nearly losing its root-leaves 

 at flowering-time : a variety in dry ground has greenish-cream colored stronger- 

 scented flowers, and retains its root-leaves. Perianth 4" -5" long. 



# * Flowers in one straight or spirally twisted rank. 



•t- Stem bearing towards and at the base elongated leaves, which mostly persist during 



the flowering season. 



4. S. graminea, Lindl., Var. Walteri. Stem 9'- 2° high; lower and 

 root-leaves linear or lance-linear (3' -8' long, 2" -4" wide) gradually tapering 

 to the base, the upper reduced to sheathing bracts ; spike linear, dense (2' -5' 

 long), usually much twisted, the axis, ovaries, &c. downy-pubescent; bracts 

 ovate and gradually, or rhombic-ovate and abruptly taper-pointed, surpassing 

 the ovary, the margins broadly hyaline ; lip ovate-oblong when outspread, with 

 rather small callosities at base, crisped at the rounded apex ; anther and beak 

 of the stigma very acute. (Limodorum praecox, Walt. Neottia tortilis, Pursh, 

 Barton, Fl., &c. S. tortilis, Chapm.) — Wet, grassy places, S. New England to 

 Virginia, and southward. July, Aug., at the north. — Root of fleshy or some- 

 what tuberous thickened fibres. Perianth 3" long. — The original, West Indian 

 S. tortilis (Swartz), Richard, has a smoother much less twisted spike, smaller 

 bracts, and more leafless scape, the root-leaves seldom present at flowering-time : 

 it is very like S. brevifolia, Chapm. (S. longilabris, Lindl. 1). Our plant has a 

 more acute tip to the anther and stigma than the Mexican. 



*- ■*- Scape very slender, merely bracted ; the leaves with a blade all in a cluster 

 at the ground, orate or oblong, abruptly contracted into a petiole, commonly wither- 

 ing away at or before flowering : flowers small, and whole plant gabrous or nearly 

 so: bracts small, sharp-pointed, not longer than the pod. 



5. S. gracilis, Bigeiow. Roots clustered, tuberous-thickened ; scape 8' -18' 

 high, bearing a slender many-flowered one-sided or twisted spike ; lip oral when 

 outspread, narrowly oblong in natural form, thickish and green above with thin 

 white margins, the recurved obtuse or acutish apex wavy-crisped, the callosities 



