JUNCACEuE. (RUSH FAMILY.) 539 



+■ +- Leaves fiat and open, grass-like : stamens 3. 



9. J. margin&tus, Rostkovius. Stem erect, from a bulbous and stolo- 

 niferous base (1°- 3° high), flattened, leafy ; leaves long-linear; heads 3-8- 

 flowered, paniclcd ; flowers purplish with green (l£" long) ; sepals oblong, the 

 3 outer acute and slightly awned, the inner longer and mostly obtuse anil point- 

 less, as long as the almost globular scarcely pointed pod ; stamens exceeding 

 the outer sepals ; purple anthers shorter than filaments ; style very short ; seeds 

 U" - i" long) slender, pointed at both ends and strongly ribbed. (J. aristulatuS, 

 Michx.) — Moist sandy places, S. New England to Illinois and southward. — 

 Var. PAi;ciCAriT\Tr.s has smaller and less flattened stems, narrower leaves, and 

 few large 8- 15-flowered heads. Sandy coast of New Jersey and elsewhere. — 

 Var. biflc-rus has numerous and small 2-3-flowered heads, in much-branched 

 panicles. (J. biflorus, Ell.) New Jersey to Illinois and southward. 



10. J. ripens, Michx. Stems flattened, ascending (4'- 6' high) from a 

 fibrous annual root, at length creeping or floating ; leaves short, linear, those of 

 the stem nearly opposite and fascicled ; heads few in a loose leafy panicle, 3-12- 

 flowered ; flowers green (3" long) ; sepals rigid, lance-subulate, slender-pointed, 

 the 3 outer as long as the linear triangular obtuse pod, the inner ones much 

 longer ; stamens as long as the outer sepals ; filaments many times longer than 

 the oblong anther; seeds small (\" long), obovate, slightly pointed, very deli- 

 cately ribbed and cross-lined. (Cephaldxys flabellata, Desv.) — Miry banks, 

 Maryland ( W. M. Canby) and southward. 



* * Flowers single on the ultimate peduncles : stamens 6. 

 •*- /Stem branched: root annual. 



11. J. bufdnius, L. Stems low and slender (3' -9' high) from a fibrous 

 root, leafy, often branched from the base ; panicle spreading, mostly with one- 

 sided dichotomous branches; flowers remote, greenish (2" -3^" long); sepals 

 linear-lanceolate, awl-pointed, 3 outer ones much longer than the inner and 

 than the oblong obtuse pod ; stamens short ; filaments scarcely longer than 

 anthers ; seeds elliptical, obtuse [\" ~\" long), very delicately ribbed and cross- 

 lined. — Low grounds by roadsides: common, but not everywhere. June- 

 Sept. — Var. fasciculAtus, with flowers crowded at the end of the branchlets, 

 is a southern form, which has been introduced about the Philadelphia Navy 

 Yard. (Eu.) 



■i- *- Stems slender, simple, tufted, leafy beloio: root perennial (fl. early in summer). 



12. J. Ger&rdi, Loisel. (Black-Grass.) Stems scarcely flattened, rigid 

 (l°-2° high) ; panicle contracted, usually longer than the bracteal leaf; flow- 

 ers chestnut-brown with green (l|"long) ; sepals oval-oblong, obtuse, incurved, 

 as long as the oval obtuse and mucronate pod ; anthers much longer than the 

 short filaments ; style as long as the ovary; seeds (nearly J" long) obovate, 

 short pointed at both ends, delicately ribbed and cross-lined. — Salt marshes: 

 common along the coast, especially northward ; also in saline marshes 

 of W. New York: rare along the Great Lakes. (Eu.) — The closely allied 

 J. bulbosus, L. (to which this was referred in a former edition) has not yet 

 been found in this country. 



