CYPERACEjE. (sedge familt.) 5o3 



§3. CYFERUS proper. Style 3-c/eJl: achenium triangular: spikes many-flow- 

 ered, fiat or almost terete ; only the lowest scale empty ; the joints of the axis wing- 

 margined or naked, 



* Stamen only one: spikes short and small (2"-3", or becoming 4"-5" long), col- 



lected in globular heads, ovate or linear-oblong, compactly many-Jlowered : the 

 scales merely ascending on the naked marginless axis. 



-t- Lou) annuals : involucre 2 - 3-leaved : heads few: scales pointed. 



6. C. infl^XUS, Muhl. Dwarf (1'- 5' high) ; spikes oblong becoming linear, 

 7-13-flowercd, in 1-5 ovate heads (either sessile and clustered or short-pedun- 

 cled) ; scales nerved, tapering into a long recurved point ; achenium obovate, obtuse. 

 — Sandy wet shores : common. — Sweet-scented in drying. 



7. C. acumin&tUS, Torr. Slender (3'- 12' high); spikes ovate, becoming 

 oblong, 16 - 30-flowered, pale; scales obscurely 3-nerved, short-tipped; achenium 

 oblong, pointed at both ends. — Low ground, Illinois and southwestward. 



+- •*- Tall perennial (1° -4° high) : heads many, greenish: scales pointless. 



8. C. virens, Michx. Culm cither sharply or obtusely triangular; leaves 

 and involucre very long, keeled ; umbel compound, many-rayed ; spikes ovate 

 or oblong; achenium oblong or linear; scales acutish, obscurely 3-nerved. (C. 

 ve'getus, Toir.) — Wet places, Virginia and southward. 



* * Stamens 3 : spikes 3 - 10 in a cluster at the summit of the culm or of each ray of 



an umbel, flat, oblong or linear, the crowded scales ascending, strongly keeled, 

 ovate, with abruptly sharp-pointed slightly-spreading tips: achenium broadly 

 obovate, sharply triangular. 



9. C. COmpressus, L. Low annual (3' -9' high), with a single sessile or 

 a few umbellate clusters of linear green spikes (of 6" - 10" long, 1 5 - 30-flowered), 

 the axis naked. — Sterile fields, Somerset Co., Maryland, W. M. Canby (also 

 adventive near Philadelphia Navy Yard), and southward. 



10. C. dent&tus, Torr. Perennial, with running rootstocks (6' - 12' high) ; 

 clusters several or many in a simple or twice or thrice compound umbel ; spikes 

 ovate-oblong and rather few-flowered, or when well-developed linear and 15 -30- 

 flowered (3" -5" long); the scales reddish-brown with green back; joints of the 

 axis wing-margined. — Sandy swamps, Massachusetts to Northern New York 

 (J. A. Paine), and southward. — Spikes often abortive and changed into leafy 

 tufts as in Juncus. 



* * * Stamens 3 : spikes narrowly linear, flat, scattered along the ripper part of the 



rays of an open simple or somewhat compound umbel : scales oppressed, pointless: 

 joints of the spike wing-margined : perennial by slender running rootstocks, which 

 bear small nut-like tubers, by which the plants multiply pestiferously in cultivated 

 grounds. 



11. C. rotlindus, L., var. Hydra. (Nut-Grass.) Culm slender 

 (|°-H° high), longer than the leaves; umbel simple or slightly compound, 

 about equalling the involucre ; the few rays each bearing 4-9 dark chestnut-purple 

 12-40-flowcrcd acute spikes (5" -9" long) ; scales ovate, closely oppressed, nerveless 

 except on the keel. ( C. Hydra, Miclix. ) — Sandy fields, Virginia and southward : 

 and adventive near Philadelphia, C. F. Parker. (Eu.) 



