588 CYPERACE.E. (SEDGE FA5IILY.) 



* * * Uppermost spike firtile-flov;ered at the apex (rarely all staminate) : pistillate 

 spikes 3-5, oblong or cylindrical, loosely flowered, distant, on exserted jUi- 

 form stal/cs : bracts equalling or often exceeding the culm : perigynia oblong, 

 with a short and abrupt notched point (obsolete in No. 80), green and mem- 

 branaceous at maturity: pistillate scales tawny or white. — Gbacillim.e. 

 -i- Fertile spikes nodding or pendulous. 

 "8. C. Davisii, Schw. & Torr. Fertile spikes oblong-cylindrical, rather thick ; 

 perigynia somewhat contracted at each end, scarcely longer than the conspicuously 

 awned scale. (C. aristata, Dew., not of R. Br. C. Torreyana, Dew.) — Wet 

 meadows, Massachusetts to Wisconsin, and southward. — Larger than the next 

 (1°- 2° high), and with stouter and longer spikes. 



"9. C. formosa, Dew. Fertile spikes oblong, short, all commonly with 2 or 

 3 barren flowers or empty scales at the base ; perigynia somewhat contracted at 

 each end, nearly t u: ice as long as the pointed or cuspidate scale. — Wet meadows, 

 Massachusetts to W. New York. 



80. C. gracillima, Schw. Fertile spikes linear, slender; perigynia obtuse 

 and slightly oblique at the orifice, longer than the oblong awned or awnless scale. 

 (C. digitalis, Schw. Sr Torr., not of Willd.) — Wet meadows, New England to 

 Kentucky, Wisconsin, and northward. — When the uppermost spike is alto- 

 gether staminate this resembles C. arctata ; but is distinguished by the obtuse 

 and sessile perigyninm. 



•*- ■*- Fertile spikes nearly erect, all but the lov:est short-peduncled or nearly sessile. 



81. C. aestivalis, M. A. Curtis. Spikes slender, loosely flowered; peri- 

 gynia acutish at both ends, twice the length of the ovate obtuse or mucronate scale; 

 achenium somewhat stipitate ; sheaths of the lower leaves pubescent : otherwise 

 nearly as the last, but smaller (l°-l£° high). — Saddle Mountain, W. Massa- 

 chusetts (Dewey), mountains of Penn., Virginia, and southward. 



§ 3. Perigynia without a beak, fairy (in No. 83 becoming smooth at maturity), 

 slightly inflated, bluntly 3-angled, obtuse, conspicuously nerved, with a mi- 

 nute abrupt straight point: bracts narrow, with very short or obsolete 

 sheaths, the lowest exceeding the culm ; pistillate scales tawny or white ; 

 spikes 2-4, erect, the uppermost androgynous, Jertile-Jhwered at the apex and 

 dub-shaped: the rest all fertile. — Vibescextes. 



82. C. vireseens, Mnhl. Spikes oblong or cylindrical, on short stalks ; peri- 

 gynia ovoid, nearly entire at the orifice, rather longer than the ovate awned scale; 

 leaves and sheat lis hairy. (C. COStata, Schw.) — Rocky woods and hillsides, New 

 England to Michigan, and southward. — Culms rough, slender, l°-2°high: 

 fertile spikes 6"- 12" long. 



83. C. triceps, Michx. Spiles ovoid, nearly sessUe, closely approximate; 

 perigynia broadly obovoid, entire at the orifice, downy when young, smooth at 

 maturity, ratli>-r longer than the pointed scale; sheaths very fairy; leaves more 

 or less so. (C. hir-uta, Willd. C. virfdula, Schw. 4" Torr., not of Michx.) — 

 Varies with the spikes rather longer and on stalks, and leaves nearly smooth. 

 (C. hirsuta, var. pedunculata, Schw. ,y Torr.) — Woods and meadows: the 

 smoother form southward. — Culm 12' — 18' high. Spikes G'-9" long. 



