CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 593 



103. C. SCabr&ta, Schw. Fertile spikes 4-5, cylindrical, erect, rather 

 distant, densely /lowered, the lower on long stalks; bracts without sheaths, exceed- 

 ing the culm ; perigynia ovoid, contracted at the base, prominently few-nerved, 

 rough, spreading at maturity, with an obliquely notched beak, longer than the 

 ovate slightly ciliate brown scale; culm leaves and bracts very rough. — Wet 

 meadows and swamps, E. New England to Penn., Michigan, and northward. 



§ 8. Perigynia slightly inflated, 3-angled, smooth and shining (minutely pubescent 

 in No. 104 and one form of 108), green, with a straight tapering beak (short- 

 pointed in No. 107), terminating mostly in 2 small membranaceous teeth: 

 lower bracts green and sheathing : pistillate scales tawny or white : stami- 

 natc spike solitary, stalked : pistillate spikes 3-4, loosely flowered, all (except 

 in No. 104) on filiform nodding stalks. 



* Fertile sp'tkes mostly slender, remote; perigynia somewhat nerved: bracts equalling 



or exceeding the culm. — Debiles. 



+- Leaves and sheaths more or less soft-pubescent : fertile spikes nearly erect. 



104. C. Sullivantii, Boott. Fertile spikes 3-5, commonly 4, narrowly 

 cylindrical, erect, rather dense, the upper approximate, the lowest often remote, 

 tapering towards the base and slightly compound, all on rough peduncles ; 

 bracts sheathing, not exceeding the culm ; perigynia elliptical, hairy, slightly 

 stalked, very obscurely nerved, with an entire or notched orifice, rather longer 

 than the ovate ciliate rough-awncd or merely mucronate white scale. — Woods, 

 Columbus, Ohio, Sullivant. 



105. C. Knieskdrnii, Dew. Less pubescent; fertile spikes 2 or 3, on 

 longer and somewhat spreading peduncles ; perigynia glabrous, more evidently 

 nerved: otherwise like the preceding: too little known. — Copses, Oneida Co., 

 New York, Dr. Knieskern, Dr. Vasey. 



h- 4- Glabrous or nearly so : fertile spikes mostly nodding or spreading, loose. 



106. C. arctata, Boott. Fertile spikes slender-cylindrical, narrowed to- 

 wards the base ; perigynia ovate, short-stalked from a blunt base, short-beaked, 

 longer than the pointed scale. (C. sylvatica, Dew., not of Hudson.) — Woods 

 and meadows, New England to Pennsylvania, and northward. 



107. C. glabra, Boott. Fertile spikes oblong or short-cylindrical, rather 

 dense and the terminal one oftener partly fertile ; perigynia elliptical-oblong, 

 not stalked, somewhat contracted at the base, and short-pointed at the apex, but 

 nearly beakless, minutely and sharply 2-toothed at the orifice, prominently 

 nerved, almost twice the length of the blunt brownish-margined scale. — Oneida 

 Co., New York, Dr. Knieskern. Near Philadelphia, C. E. Smith. Probably 

 not rare, but confounded with the next : also resembling C. formosa. 



108. C. debilis, Michx. Staminate spike occasionally fertile at the apex ; 

 fertile spikes slender-cylindrical, with loose alternate flowers on a somewhat 

 zigzag rhachis; perigynia spindle-shaped or oblong-lanceolate, tapering into a 

 slender beak with a hyaline 2-lobed tip, twice as long as the obtuse and pointless 

 scale. (C. te'nuis, Rudge. C. flexuosa, Muhl.) — Moist meadows : rather com- 

 mon, especially southward. — Perigynium often rusty-dotted: — in var. rt-BERA 

 minutely pubescent and passing to C. venusta, Dew. of the Southern States. 

 Bear Meadows, Centre Co., Pcnn., Prof. Porter. 



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