598 CYPERACEJ2. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 



sile, the loiver on short exserted stalks ; perigynia spreading, tapering from an ovoid 

 few- (about 10-) nerved base into a long slender beak vjith oblique orifice or short 

 minutely serrulate teeth, much longer than the lanceolate awned scale ; achenium 

 papillose-roughened. ( C. rostrata, Mu/d., not of Michx.) — Wet meadows : very 

 common. — Var. gracilis, Boott, is a slender form with 2 much smaller fertile 

 spikes (4"- 12" long, 3"-4" broad). — Var. Altior, Boott, is tall (2° high), 

 with more scattered large fertile spikes, and the more tapering beak of perigy- 

 nium with longer teeth, perhaps a hybrid with C. lupulma. Penn-Yan, New 

 York, Sartwell, and Amherst, Mass., Tuckerman. 



130. C. intumescens, Rudge. Fertile spikes 1-3, ovoid, loosely few- (5 -8-) 

 flowered, closely approximated, sessile, or the lower on a very short exserted 

 peduncle; perigynia erect-spreading, tapering from an ovoid 15-20-nerved base 

 into a long sometimes rough beak. (C. folliculata, Schk., Michx., not oiL.) — Wet 

 meadows and swamps : very common. — Culm slender, about 1 8' high : fertile 

 spikes usually contiguous : perigynia 6" -7" long, very ventricose. 



131. C. Grayii, Carey. Fertile spikes 2 (sometimes single), globose, densely 

 (15 -30-) flowered, separate, on short exserted peduncles ; perigynia (8"long) spread- 

 ing and deflexed, tapering from an ovoid 25 - 30-nerved base into a long smooth 

 and shining beak. — River bottoms, Oneida Co., New York, to Ohio and Illinois : 

 rather rare. — Culm robust, 3° high ; leaves broader; and flowers in July, a 

 month later than the last. 



* * Bracts all or all but the uppermost conspicuously sheathing. 

 ■*- Fertile spikes approximate, or only the lowest one distant, erect, very large and 

 turgid, many-flowered : perigynia ascending, long -beaked from an ovate-ventricose 

 base : sterile spikes rarely 2. 



132. C. lupulina, Muhl. Fertile spikes 2-4, cylindraceous or oblong 

 (l'-2' long, 1' thick), the lower on exserted stalks; perigynia (G|"-7" long) 

 often raised on a short stalk-like base, smooth or with the beak rough above, 

 much longer than the lanceolate rough awn-pointed scale; stem (2°-3°) and 

 long broadly linear leaves and bracts smooth, the latter with rough margins 

 (3" - 4" wide). (C. liirida, Wahl.) — Wet grounds, common. — C. Canadensis, 

 and C. Bellavilla, Dew., appear to be depauperate and attenuated states of this, 

 with more distant lax, and fewer-flowered spikes. 



133. C. Iupulif6rmis, Sartwell. Fertile spikes 4-5, cylindrical (2' -3' 

 long), less approximate; perigynia sessile (7" -8" long); achenium broader, 

 with maniillated angles; scale more awned; otherwise as in the foregoing, of 

 which it is probably a mere variety. (C. lupulina, var. polystachya, Schw. %• 

 Ton:) — Swamps, New York to Delaware, &c. 



■*- •*- Fertile sjiikes distant, few - several-flowered : perigynia lanceolate, ovate-lanceo- 

 late or spindle-shaped, loose or widely spreading at maturity : staminate spike small, 

 short-stalked : obtusely angular culms and grassy sofl leaves smooth. 



134. C. folliculata, L. Fertile spikes 3-4, remote, \2-20flowered, all or 

 the lowest on exserted peduncles, turning yellowish at maturity; perigynia taper- 

 ing ovate-lanceolate from a broadish base, short-beaked, at length widely spread- 

 ing, rather exceeding the ovate white rough-awned scale. (C. xanthophysa, 



Wahl.) — Peat-bogs, New England to Penn., and northward, and in one form 



