182 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



origin, 1 is especially cultivated for its fruit (fig. 101). It is a 

 tolerably agreeable aliment, and at the same time a refreshing medi- 

 cine, slightly astringent and acidulous. Its leaves, also employed in 

 medicine, are used to feed silkworms. But for this purpose, pre- 

 ference is justly given to the white Mulberry ~ (fig. 98-100) which, 

 introduced from China into India, thence into Persia, was brought 

 to Constantinople at the time of the Lower Empire, and passed thence 

 to Sicily and Italy, whence the French brought it after the conquest 

 of Naples in 1494. Its compound fruit is edible, like that of the 

 black Mulberry. Both have a bitter purgative bark formerly extolled 

 as a vermifuge. The wood, as also that of the red Mulberry, 3 an 

 American species, is solid, proof against the attacks of insects, sus- 

 ceptible of a fine polish and is used for making furniture and various 

 utensils. The cortical fibres might, in case of need, be employed for 

 textile purposes, but in this respect it is far surpassed by the paper 

 Mulberry, 4 (fig. 102-107), a Chinese tree, now introduced in Europe, 

 Oceania and America, and used to make paper and stuffs. Its wood 

 is pale, porous, light and does not polish well. Madura has a wood 

 comparable to that of the preceding trees. That of M. aurantiaca, 5 

 or the Osage Orange, was used to make bows. The Indians of North 

 America used to dye their faces with the yellow and fetid juice of 

 its large round fruit, to frighten their enemies. The entire plant 

 contains a colouring matter, much more developed in M. tinctorial 



1 A. DC. Geogr. Bot. 856, 9S1, 9S6. Kaadsi Kansi, Sjo, Kami noki of the Japanese). 



2 M. Alba L. Spec. 1308.— Lamk. Diet. iv. 5 Nutt. Gen. ii. 234 ; N.-Amer. Si/lv. i. 126, t. 

 373; III. t. 762, fig. 2.— Loud. Arloret. iii. 37, 38.— Lindl. Loud. Encyel. 784, fig. 13256.— 

 1398.— See. Descr. Mûr. 191.— Endl. Enchirid. Loud. Arloret. iii. fig. 1826-1828. — Seh. 

 165.— Kosenth. op. cit. 191.— Bue. Prodr. xvii. Mûr. 232, t. 27.— Gum. op. cit. ii. 324 (Sow 



■ 238, n. 2. — M. macrophytta Moret. — M. Mcret- wood, Bois d'arc). Good prickly hedges may 



tiana J acq. — M. tatarica L. — M. Constantino- be made of this tree, and it is also said to he a 



politana Poir. Diet. iv. 3S1. — M. byzanlina good substitute for the mulberry in feeding silk 



SiEii. — M. Indica L. — M. cuspi'tttii Wall. — worms. 



M. rubra Lour, (not L.). — M. iatifolia Pom.— 6 D. Don, ex Bur. Prodr. xvii. 228. — M. 



multicaulis Perr. — M. cucullata Bonaf. — M. Plumiera Don. — M. Xanthoxylou Endl. Gen. 



bullata Balb— M. chinensis Lodd. Suppl. iv. p, ii. 34. — M. velnlina Bl. Mus. 



3 L. Spec. 1399. — Pont. Diet. iv. 377.— Lugd.-Bat. ii. 82. — M. chlorocarpa Liebm. — 

 Mieux. Fl. Bor-Amcr. ii. 179; Arbr. for. iii. Morns tinctoria L. Spec. ed. 2, 1399. — Velloz. 

 232, c. ic.— Duham. Arbr. éd. 2, iv. t. 23.— Ser. Fl. Flum. x. t. 22.— M. Xanthoxylon L. — Brous- 



Màr. 223, t. 20. Bur. Prodr. n. 3. — M. cana- sonetia tinctoria Spreng. Syst. ii. 901. — H. B. K. 



demis Lamk.— M. pensylvaniea Nois.— M. mis- Nov. Gen. et Spec. ii. 32.— B. Plmnierii Spreng. 



souriensis Audie. — B. Xanthoxylon Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 250. — 



* Brotissonetia papyri/era Vent. Tabl. iii. 547. Chlorophora tinctoria Gaudich. (Fustic, Fustete, 



Bub. Prodr. xvii. 224, n. 2. — Moras papyri- Gelbholz, yelloiv wood of the Antilles, Lechero, 



fera L. Spec. 1399. — Papyrius japonica Potr. Dinde in Colombia, Moreira, Amoreira, Amora 



Diet. v. 3.— Papyrus légitima Ktempf. Amœn. de arvore in Brazil. 

 fixot. 471. ic. (Ilia, Tehou of the Chinese, ii;', 



