ULMACE.E. 183 



The latter has astringent fruit used in medicine, like the Mulberries, 

 a fine wood which might be employed with advantage in cabinet 

 work, a resinoid juice, called the marrow of Cuba, 1 proposed for the 

 treatment of scurf, and a colouring matter highly prized for dyeing 

 in the New World. There are also yellow dye woods in Brazil from 

 trees of the genus Madura ; 2 and the Bagassa wood of Guyana 

 which is that of Bagassa gidanensisf has analogous properties and 

 might equally be employed in cabinet work. 



The most useful woods of this family are the Elms. The common 

 Elm 4 (fig. 81-94), excellent as fuel, is good for making a great 

 variety of articles ; it is used by turners, joiners, cabinet makers 

 and builders. Of its knobs are made trunks and articles of furniture. 

 The bark is used for tanning skins, to make mats, cords, string, 

 paper, and to dye yellow ; it has been much used in medicine as a 

 tonic, astringent, for ringworm and intermittent fever. Its young 

 leaves are given to beasts, and its fruit has served as an aliment to 

 man, being eaten green as a salad in some countries. Ulmiis alata, b 

 americana 6 and fulva 1 have analogous uses in the United States. The 

 wood is much used in building. The bark is emollient, used as 

 poultice, and is said to be edible. From that of U. alata decoctions 

 are prepared and applied as lotions to chaps, chilblains and gunshot 

 wounds, and are taken internally for cough and dysentery. U. parvi- 

 folia* was celebrated at a certain epoch under the name of Thé de 

 Vabbé Galois. Its leaves sometimes bear a gall which the Chinese 

 use to dye and tan skins. 9 Planera aquatica 10 furnishes a wood 

 employed in the south of the United States. Abclicea crcliea, 11 or 



1 Guib. op. cit. ii. 324. ' Michx. op. cil. i. 172. — U. rubra Michx. f. 



s Mart. Fl. Bras. XJrtic. 210. [slippery Elm). 



3 Aubl. Guiun. ii. Suppl. 15, t. 376 (Bagas- 8 Jaco. Eort. Sehœnbr.. iii. t. 261. — Pl. 

 sier). It is especially useful for making light Prodr. xvii. 161, n. 13. — U. c/iineusis Pees. 

 canoes. Enchirid. i. 67. — Turp. Diet. 8c. Nat. Atl. t. 



4 Ulmus campestris L. (part.). — Sm. Engl. Fl. 281, 282. — Loud. Arboret. iii. 1377. — Miorop- 

 ii. 20. — Pl. Prodr. xvii. 156. — Gren. et Godr. telea parvifolia Spach, Ann. Sc. Nat. sér 2, xv. 

 Fl. de Fr. iii. 105.— Guib. Drag. Simpl. éd. 6, 358. 



ii. 314. — Lindl. Fl. Med. 303. — MÉB. et Del. 9 U. major Sm. Glabra Sm. tiliœfolia Host. 



Diet. Mat. Méd. vi. 799. — Endl. Enchirid. 163. have nearly the same uses as V. campestris. U. 



— Caz. Pl. Méd. hid. éd. iii. 716. — Rosenth. pumilla is used in Siberia to make a tea-like 



op. cit. 189. — Flueck. et Hanh. Pharmac. 500 infusion. In Japan, U. Eejaki Sieb. has a useful 



{Ormeau, Ormille, Umeau. Arbre à pauvre wood. 



homme). 10 See p. 188, note 6. 



5 Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. i. 173. — Michx. f. " Zelkova C'retica Spach, Suit, à Biiffon, xi. 

 N.-Amer. Sglr. iii. t. 127 (Wahoo). 121.— Pl. Prodr. xvii. 166.— Pseudo-San taltim 



6 W. Enum. Eort. Berol. 295. — U. Floridana Crelicum Bauh. Pinax, 393. — Qucrcus Abelicea 

 Chapm. Fl. S. United St. 416 (white Elm). JjMiK.—ABCdaria h. Herb. ! 



