ULMACEJE. 185 



particular intoxication produced by emanations from the hemp fields. 

 The leaves of the cultivated hemp have quite a peculiar action on 

 the system which they appear to owe to two volatile essential oils ; 1 

 these are most abundant in the Indian Hemp, 3 from which the 

 haschisch of the Orientals is prepared, a substance considered by 

 them exhilarating and aphrodisiacal, which produces a delirious 

 intoxication, much studied by physiologists and physicians. 3 As a 

 medicine, the Hemps, after producing a passing excitement of the 

 nervous centres, finally become sedative and stupefying. 4 The fruit 

 of the Hemp or hempseed is especially valued for the oil it contains 

 which renders it edible, especially for birds and small cattle This 

 oil is used for burning, to make soap and paint, and the cake is 

 employed to feed and fatten animals. 5 The ancients ate torrefied 

 hempseed to stimulate the stomach. The Hop 6 (fig. 137-145) is 

 quite as widely celebrated. Its young shoots (hop sprouts) are eaten 

 in the north like asparagus. They, as well as the roots and mul- 

 tiple fruit (cones), are used in medicine as tonics, bitters, purifiers 

 and diaphoretics. The cones are employed principally to aromatise 

 beer, and the intensity of its action depends upon its richness in 

 lupulinP This is also a narcotic and sedative. The leaves of the Hop 

 have been used for dyeing, and its annual branches 8 have a textile 

 bark used to make bands, coarse threads, and cordage. The climbing 

 branches of the Hop are very ornamental. Under this head, this 

 family does not present' many choice plants, beyond the fine trees 



1 Cannabine (C 3o H 20 ) and a hydrate of canna- Nutt. — Lupulus communis G^EKTK. Fruct. t. 



bine (C 1S H 14 ), distributed through the whole 75. — Cannabis Lupulus Scop. Fl. carniol. ii. 



plant (Fersonne). It contains besides a re- 263 [Vigne du Nord, Salsepareille nationale). 

 sinous matter cannabine or haschischine (.Smith). • Lupuline, liipulite. This substance is formed 



- C. Indica ~Lamk. Diet. i. 695. — 0. chinensis of yellow, resinous glands, abundant especially 



Del. (var. of C. sa'iva). in the bracts. Those organs are epidermic cells 



3 Mék et Del. Diet. Mat. Med. ii. 68. — Guib. which, increasing in size, close in and become a 

 Drag. Simpl. éd. 6, ii. 331. — Rosenth. op. cit. sort of cupule, formed of several radiating cella, 

 201.— Personne, Journ. Pharm. (1857). — Vil- supported by a small foot. The cuticle which 

 lard, This. Fac. Mid. Par. (1872). — Muell. lines the lower surface of this cupule is raised 

 Journ. Pharm. et Ghim. sér. 3, xxvii. 296 {Bang. by a yellowish secretion which fills it from 

 Bnnghie, Guaza). bottom to top like the finger of a glove, so that 



4 See Diet. Eneyel. Se. Méd. xv. 398. — Berg it forms a conical projection above the cupule 

 et Schm. Darst. Off. Gew. t. 19 b. (Tri'uul). Then the lupulin is completely de- 



6 Pulverised, it is used to counterfeit pepper. veloped (Guib. he. cit. 335, fig. 443. — Berg et 



6 Stimulus Lupulus L. Spec. 1457. — Sm. Engl. Schm. t. cit. fig. x). 



Bot. t. 427. — Beichb. Le. Fl. Germ. xii. t. 656. 8 On their structure, see H. Mohl, Ueb. d. 



A. DC. Prodi: xvi. 29. — Guib. op. cit. ii. 332, Bau d. Bank, und Schlingpfl. Tubing. (1827), § 



fig. 441-443.— Lindl. Fl. Méd. 296— Beug et 75 ; Bot. Zeit. (1855), 889. 

 Schm. Off. Gew. t. 27 b. — LT. américaines 



