CASTANJSAOEJE. 



223 



proper, 1 whilst they are shorter than the fruit in Betidaster.- Sonic 

 thirty species are admitted in the genns 3 thus limited. 



The Alders* (Fig. 158-167) differ but little from the Birches with 

 •which they were formerly united. The flowers are also monoecious 



Almis eordifolia. 



Fig. 162. Biflorous female 

 fioriferous scale. 



Fig. 15S. Foliaceous branch 



Fig 



164. Long. sect, 

 or fruit. 



and disposed in catkins. In the axil of the scales of the male 

 catkin, there are generally three flowers forming a cyme, or, more 

 rarely, a single flower ; and the secondary scales, rising with the 

 flowers from the principal scale, are generally four in number, two 

 on each side. The perianth, sometimes but little developed, is formed 

 of four folioles, free or united at the base, and the stamens, equal in 



1 Sect. Eubctula Reg. Prodi: 162, sect. 1. 



2 Reg. Prodr. 179 (sect. 2). 



3 L. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1193; Mantiss. 124.— 

 W. Spec. iv. 462. — Pall. Fl. Ross. i. 60, t. 

 39, 40.— Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iii. 649.— Michx. Fl. 

 Bor.-Amer. ii. 180. — Koch, Si/n. Fl. Germ. ed. 

 2, 760.— Trautv. et Mey. Middend. Reis. Fl. 

 Och. 81.— Schkank, Fl. Baical. i. 421.— Fr. 

 Summ. Yeg. Scand. i. 212.— Bge. Fl. Alt. Suppl. 

 Mém. Acad. Pétersb. (1835), 506. — Cham. Linnœa, 

 v. 537, t. 6.— Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 7, t. 109. 



— Don, Prodr. FL Nep. 5S — Spach, Jacqicem. 

 Voi/. Rot. t. 15S. — Sieb. et Zucc. Abh. d. Keen. 

 Baier. Ak. iv. Abth. 3, 228.— Miq. Ann. Mus. 

 Lugd.-Bat. ii. 136. — Gren. et Godr. Fl. de Fr. 

 iii. 146. 



4 Aluns T. Inst. 587, t. 359.— Lamk. Diet. i. 

 330. — Nees, Gcii. iv. t. 19. — Endl. Gen. n. 

 1841 ; Suppl. iv. p. ii. 20. — Spach, Ann. Sc. 

 Kat. sér. 2, xv. 124, 203 ; Suit. àBufon, xi. 246. 

 — Reg. Monogr. Betul. 73 ; DC. Prodr. xvi. 

 sect. ii. 180. 



