CASTANEAGE.E. 



227 



rectilineal embryo, with thick and oily plano-convex cotyledons and 

 a short superior radicle. There are some Hazels in which the 

 foliaceous involucre is much elongated in a tube beyond the fruit ; 

 they have been named Tubo-Avellana •} and others in which the 

 edges of the large involucre is divided into ramified spinous teeth 

 resembling the prickles of the Chestnuts ; these form Acantho- 

 chlamys. 2 Others again, as C. Davidiana (fig. 174), a species from the 

 north-east of Asia, have a small fruit, surrounded, besides the sacci- 

 form membranous involucre, by a rather large exterior bract, 

 accrescent and cleft within ; of these the genus Ostryopsis 3 has been 

 formed. ■ Thus constituted, the genus Corylus * comprises eight 

 species, 5 natives of the temperate northern regions of both worlds. 

 They are small trees or shrubs having alternate, penninerved, 

 dentate leaves, with a petiole accompanied at its base with two 

 lateral caducous stipules. The male catkins are 

 solitary, pendent, or disposed in clusters on the 

 wood of the branches where they are developed 

 in winter before the leaves. The female cat- 

 kins, much shorter, appear somewhat later on 

 the branches of the preceding year, but likewise Fig. 174. Tetrandrous male 



i c ,-. , , , „ . , ., floriferous scale (=-). 



betore the leaves, and are at first nearly sessile. 

 Their very short support is a branch which, during the maturation 

 of the fruit, is lengthened and finally presents, under the achenes 

 which terminate it, generally few in number often in pairs, several 

 alternate leaves similar to those of the other branches. 



Beside Corylus are placed the Hornbeams, 7 the flowers of which 



Corylus Davidiana. 



1 SrACH, An». Sc. Nat. sér. 2,'xvi. 106, sect. 

 2.— A. DC. Prodr. 133, } 2. 



2 Spach, loe. cit. 108.— A. DC. Prodi: 129. 



3 Dcne. Bull. Soc. Bot. de Fr. xx. 155. 



* r ' Avellana (Bauh. — Spach). 



Cokylus J - Tubo-Avellana (Spach). 

 sect. 4. ] 3 Ostryopsis (Dcne.). 



L * Acanthochlamys (Spach). 

 s J. Bauh. Hist. i. 270 (Avellana). — Clus. 

 Mist. 11 {Avellana). — L. BZort. Cliff. 448; Spec. 

 1417. — Ait. Rort. Kew. iii. 364. — Duham. Arbr. 

 éd Nouv. iv. 20.— Walt. PI. Carol. 236.— 

 Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. ii. 201. — Tkautv. Ic. 

 Ross. i. 10, t. 4.— Fisch. Flora (1834), Beibl. 24. 

 — Reichb. Ic. 636-638.— Wall. PI. Ass. Par. i. 

 77, t. 87.— Reg. Veg. Amur. 489.— Benth. PI. 

 Sartweg. n. 1960. — A. Gray, Ma», ed. 5, 456. 

 — Chapm. Fl. S. Unit. St. 425.— Hart. Forst. 



Cult. PJl. Dmtschl. 217, t. 15-17.— Dochmahl, 

 I). Obstkunde, iv. 29. — Gren. et Godr. Fl. de 

 Fr. iii. 119. 



6 In the bud they are folded longitudinally, 

 following the principal nervure, and conse- 

 quently look sidewise to the branch bearing 

 them. 



' Carpinus T. Inst. 582, t. 348.— L. Gen. n. 

 1073.— J. Gen. 409.— G^ertn. Fruct. ii. 52, t. 

 89.— Lamk. Viet. i. 707 ; Suppl. ii. 202 ; III. t. 

 780.— Schkuhr, Eandb. t. 304.— Spach, Suit, à 

 Buffo», xi. 219; Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 2, xvi. 24S. 

 — Nees, Gen. ii. 20.— Endl. 67™. n. 1843. — 

 Dœll, Zur Erklaer. Laubkn. Anient. 15, fig. 13, 

 14. — Schacht, Lehrb. ii. 440; Per Baum, t. 4, 

 fig. 1-9. — Payer, Fam. Nat. 164. — A. DC. 

 Prodr. xvi. sect. ii. 125. 



15—2 



