CASTAXEACE.E. 



253 



boar ou their different organs — buds, leaves, and fruit — galls pro- 

 duced in a similar manner, but very different in form, colour, and 

 consistence ; and generally very inferior in quality to tbose first 

 mentioned. 1 All serve equally for the production of tannin, and the 

 preparation of numerous medicaments, ink, dyes, &c. The species 

 used for dyeing and dressing skins, all rich in tannin, are also very 

 numerous in both worlds. The most celebrated are the Yellow Oak - 

 of North America, the Bed, 3 White, 4 Cinder, 5 and Bi-coloured 8 Oaks 

 of the same country ; in France, the Burgundy Oak ; 7 in the Levant, 

 the Velane Oak ; 8 not to mention all the species of secondary interest 

 possessing the same properties, and of which industry employs 

 either the wood, or the bark, or the acorns. 9 The Chestnuts, so 

 little distinct generically from the Oaks, have also their astringent 

 properties. In our common Chestnut 10 (fig. 189-198), as well as in 

 that of America, which has always been considered a different species, 

 and named Castanea pumila, n the liber has been employed as an 

 anti-dysenteric ; the involucre of the fruit as a dye : the bark is 



1 Especially mentioned are the galls produced 

 by Q. Cerris L. humilia Lame. JEgilops L. tauri- 

 cola Kotsch. Vallonia Kotsch. Q. JEgilops and 

 coccifera furnish also a sweet substance called 

 Oak manna. 



3 Q. coccinea Wangenh. Anpfl. Nbrdam. Hols. 

 (1777), 44, fig. 9.— Mieux. Chên. t. 31, 32.— 

 Michx. F. Arhr. Amer. ii. 116, t. 23.— A. DC. 

 Prodr. n. 119.— Q. rubra L. Spec. 1413.— a. 

 tinetoria Michx. Chên. t. 24, 25. — Michx. f. he. 

 cit. t. 22.— Hayne, Arzn. Gew. 12, t. 46.— Q. 

 velutina Lamk. Diet. ii. 721. — Q. discolor W. 

 Spec iv. 444 ? 



s Q. rubra L. Spec. 1413 (part.). — Wangenh. 

 loc. cit. t. 7.— Mieux, op. cit. t. 35, 36. — A. DC. 

 Prodr. n. 116. 



4 Q. alba L. Spec. 1414. — Michx. op. cit. ii. 

 13. t. 1.— Emeus. TV. Massach. 127, t. 1.— A. 

 DC. Prodr. n. 26. 



5 Q. cinerca Michx. Chên. t. 14. — A. DC. 

 Prodr. n. 145. 



6 Q. bicolor W. Nov. Act. Berol. iii. 396, Spec. 

 iv. 440.— Emers. op. cit. 135, t. 4.— A. DC. Prodr. 

 n. 23. — Q. Michauzii ISvtt. Gen. Amer. ii. 215. 



1 Q. Cerris L. Spec. 1415. — Hayne, Arzn. 

 Gi u>. xii. t. 48. — Gren. et Godr. fi. de Fr. iii. 

 US.— A. DC. Prodr. n. 79 {Bouder, Gland 

 châtin). 



8 Q. Mgilops L. Spec. 1414 (not Scop.).— 

 Ti imiATCH. As. Min. t. 41. — Q. Valant Oliv. 

 (Velanède, VeUmida, Avc/unèdc.) 



9 For example Q. montana W. (Prinos nionti- 

 cola Michx.), oliviformis Michx. hjrata Walt. 

 Priuiis L. Esculus L. Castanea W. faleata Mieux. 

 virens Ait. macrocarpa Michx. lobala Née, fal- 

 eata Michx. Catesbœi Michx. palustris Du Roi, 

 aquuticn Walt, and other interesting species 

 from North America, the greater part intro- 

 duced to European culture, where they excite 

 to a high degree the interest of botanists ; in 

 the old world, Q. Fametto Ten. humilie Lamk. 

 alnifolia Poech, macrolepis Kotsch. Q. pseudo- 

 s«S«-Sant. (Q. castanctcfolia Coss.), which is also 

 said to yield cork, Q. Libani Oliv. castancafolia 

 C. A. Mey. incana Roxr. &c. (See Kotsch. 

 Fich. Fur. und Or. 1S58-62.— Rosenth. op. cit. 

 184-188.) 



10 C. vulgaris Lamk. Diet. i. 708 (1783).— A. 

 DC. Prodr. 114.— C. saliva Mill. Dict.—C. 

 vesca G/Ektn. Fruet. t. 3. — Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ, 

 t. 640.— Turf. Diet. Sc Nat. Atl. t. 304, 305.— 

 Mi'it. et Del. Diet. Mat. Méd. ii. 133.— Guib. 

 op. cit. ii. 284. — Rosenth. op. cit. 188 — C. 

 japonica Bl. — C. Bungcana Bl. — C. vesca ameri- 

 cana Michx. Arbr. ii. 56, t. 6. — C. americana 

 Rafin. N. Si/Ii: 82. — Fat/us Castanea L. Spec. 

 416. — Thttkb. Fl. Jap. 195. 



11 Mill. Diet. n. 2. — Wangenh. Nordam. 

 Eolz. t. 47.— Michx. Arbr. ii. 166, t. l.—C. 

 alnifolia Nutt.— C. nana Muehlb. Cat. 86. — 

 Ell. Sketch, ii 614.— Fagns pumila L. Spec. 

 1416 [Chineapin). 



