10. SOUTHERN RED HILLS. 07 



of pine has been cut for lumber, and doubtless much of 

 the post oak for cross-ties, etc. 



From the Southern Lumberman's directory it would 

 appear that this region has more sawmills in operation 

 to its area than any other, but the area is so small that 

 there is considerable chance for error in this estimate. 

 Their average capacity is pretty high, too, 23,800 feet a 

 day. Probably half of them are of the "big mill" type, 

 with tram-road and waste-burner. Of the nine mills re- 

 porting, two cut long-leaf pine and eight short-leaf (of 

 two species, of course). White oak, red oak and poplar 

 are reported by two mills each, and sweet gum by one. 

 There seem to be 25 or 30 miles of logging railroad in the 

 region, which is about as much to the square mile as any 

 other region has. 



10. The Southern Red Hills. 



(Figures 36-39.) 



This region extends uninterruptedly from South Caro- 

 lina to West Tennessee, if not farther, and embraces 

 about 8,000 square miles in Alabama. In the eastern 

 half of the state, as in adjacent Georgia, its northern 

 edge is marked by an inland-facing escarpment similar 

 to the Chunnennuggee Ridge mentioned a few pages 

 back, passing a few miles north of Troy and Clayton. 



References.— Ball, Lyell (53-66), Mohr 3 (527-528), 

 Mohr 5, 6 (39), Mohr 8 (106-110), Smith 6 (51-55, 68, 

 141-153), Smith 7 (252-265, 294, 496-528), Smith 8 (194 

 and numerous county descriptions, especially 610-625 and 

 629-637), Smith 9 (20, 239, 245-246, 263-267), Tuomey 1 

 (143-154), Tuomey 2 (244, by E. Q. Thornton), Win- 

 chell. 



Geology and soils. — This region is underlaid by vari- 

 ous Eocene formations, which have been named in Dr. 

 Smith's reports and elsewhere Midway or Clayton, Nahe- 

 ola, Nanafalia, Bell's Landing or Tuscahoma, Wood's 

 Bluff or Bashi, Hatchetigbee, Buhrstone, and Clai- 

 borne. (Most of these names are derived from Alabama 

 localities, because the Eocene strata are more diversified 



7G 



