102 ECONOMIC BOTANY OF ALABAMA. 



About 47% of the trees in the original forests v^ere 

 evergreen. Seventeen of the species, comprising about 

 20% of all the trees, are oaks. This number of oaks 

 seems to be equaled only in the short-leaf pine belt 

 (6A) ; but oaks form a larger proportion of the forest 

 in several of the regions farther inland. The most note- 

 worthy tree reaching its inland limit in this region is 

 P/////.<? jG'///off//, the slash pine,* which is found in the 

 southern part of Butler County, but is much more abun- 

 dant in the regions farther south. 



Population, etc. — At the time of the last census the 

 southern red hill region had about 32 inhabitants to the 

 square mile, an increase of about 121/2% in ten years. 

 About 57% of the population is white. About 6070 of the 

 region seems to be still wooded, — more in the mountain- 

 ous sections than elsewhere, of course. Some of the 

 counties have a stock law and some have not. 



Forest utilization. — A great deal of the long-leaf pine 

 has of course been cut out, but it is still the most abun- 

 dant tree in the region, apparently. The short-leaf pine 

 and a few of the oaks have spread somewhat into old 

 fields, but otherwise the proportions of the different up- 

 land species have not changed much. From the swamps 

 some cypress has been removed, but little other damage 

 has been done to them. In some parts of the region 

 which are remote from railroads, tram-roads have been 

 built out from navigable rivers, particularly the Tombig- 

 bee, and the timber gotten out in that way. The princi- 

 pal forest products seem to be as follows : 



Long-leaf and short-leaf pine lumber. 



Naval stores. 



Cross-ties (mostly pine). 



Baskets, crates, veneers. 



Doors, sash, blinds, mouldings, mantels. 



Staves, spokes, handles. 



Pine and cypress shingles (both split and savs^ed). 



Cedar posts and pencil wood (decreasing). 



Dogwood logs for shuttles. 



*In the latter part of the 19th century this tree was miscalled 

 "Cuban pine" by many writers on forestry, because it was 

 thought to be identical with Pin us Ciihcnsis. a species now believed 

 to be confined to eastern Cuba. The name "slash pine" may not 

 be used much in Alabama, but it is common in Georgia. 



