CUPULIFERAE 113 



Its fuel value is pretty high, too. A decoction of the inner 

 bark of young trees (the Qucrciis of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia) 

 has astringent properties, and is employed in the treatment of dys- 

 entery, etc. The bark has also been used for tanning, but is not 

 considered as good for that purpose as that of some of the other 

 oaks. Finally, the acorns are excellent food for hogs, and can be 

 eaten by mankind. 



References: U. S. Forest Service Circulars 53, 105, 106. 



The white oak is common in woods, in all but the sandiest, 

 rockiest and muddiest places, in nearly all parts of the state, 

 especially in the northern half. It is often associated with the 

 beech. It forms from about one to three percent of the forest in 

 regions 1 to 11, but is rare in 12 and 13, and unknown in l-i and 15. 



It apparently hybridizes occasionally with Qucrciis montana 

 (which see). 



Quercus stellata, Wang. (Q. obtitsiloba Mx. ; Q. niiiior 

 (Marsh.) Sarg.) Post Oak. 



Resembles the preceding in general appearance, distribution, 

 and economic properties, but is usually a smaller tree. The wood 

 does not make quite such good lumber as the white oak, but it 

 seems to be a little more durable. Chiefly for this reason it is used 

 more for cross-ties than anything else (and more than any other 

 oak in this part of the country), especially in regions where long- 

 leaf pine is scarce or absent. It is also used for fence-posts, as its 

 name implies. At Athens and probably elsewhere it has been sawed 

 into staves, but it is regarded as inferior to white oak for that 

 purpose. 



Grows mostly in dry woods and flatwoods, with more or less 

 clayey soil. Constitutes from one to five percent of the forest in 

 regions 1 to G and 8, about 6% in 7, 8% in 9, and 1% in 10 and 

 11, but is rare farther south, where Quercus Margarctta mostly 

 takes its place. 



It hybridizes with Quercus inoutana (which see). 



Qucrciis Boyntoni, Beadle (Biltmore Bot. Studies, 7:47-48. 1901), de- 

 scribed from the south end of Lookout Mountain, in Etowah County, seems 

 1o be only a dwarf form of this, or perhaps of the next species. 



