CUPULIFERAE 119 



Most common in the coastal plain. In Alabama this grows 



mostly in river and creek bottoms, but in Florida it is commonly 



in low calcareous hammocks, which may be remote from large 



streams. 



lA. Limestone County. 



IB. Jackson, Madison and Morgan Counties. Said by Mohr to grow 

 4 feet in diameter and 116 feet tall in Blount County. 

 2B. Walker, Jefferson and Tuscaloosa Counties. 

 3. St. Clair, Talladega and Jefferson Counties. 

 5. Cleburne, Clay and Elmore Counties. Not common. 

 6A. Common from Lamar County southeastward. 



7. In most of the counties. 



8. Crenshaw and Pike Counties. 



9. Sumter County. 



lOE. Crenshaw and Pike Counties. 



low, 11. Rather com.mon. 



15. Bayou la Batre, Mobile County (Mohr). 



LIVE OAKS 

 Quercus Virginiana, Mill. (Q. I'irais, Ait.) Live; Oak. 



(Fig. 2S) 



Differs from all the oaks previously listed in being evergreen 

 (whence its name), and in having smaller leaves, which are not 

 lobed. It never grows very tall, but when old its branches are 

 more widely extended than those of any other of our oaks, makmg 

 a tree wider than high. 



It is one of the favorite shade-trees for streets, parks, ceme- 

 teries, etc., in the regions where it is native, and is occasionally 

 planted, as far inland as Augusta, Ga., Montgomery, Ala., and 

 Jackson. J\Iiss. Its wood is very tough and heavy, and curved 

 pieces cut from the junction of a limb and trunk were in great 

 demand for ships' "knees," before the days of iron and steel ves- 

 sels. It also has a limited use for mauls, rollers, etc. The bark is 

 good for tanning, but is perhaps no longer used for that purpose. 



The live oak ranges over a considerable area, with quite a 

 variety of soils, in the southeastern states, and its essential en- 

 vironmental factors have never been fully determined. It seems 

 to prefer a mild climate and a sunny situation, and calcareous or 

 phosphatic soils, not too dry or too wet, and it seems to tolerate 

 more salt and sulphur in the ground water than most trees do. It 

 is not damaged much by fire, l)ut (like several other evergreens) it 

 probaljly does not have many earthworms around its roots in its 



