114 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
hold the same place as emollients in common practice as the Marsh 
M. and the Mallows do with us. Sida rhombifolia L., althefolia 
Lukr., glomerata Cav., ovalis Kosr., in America; S. glandulosa Roxs.,' 
In all the 
tropical regions of the globe there are Urena lobata Cav. and some 
neighbouring species; in America, Spheralcea cisplatina,’ lactea 
Sracn, and angustifolia Seacu.s Malope malacoïdes L., Hibiscus viti- 
folius Li, mutabilis Xi, unilateralis Cav., venustus Bu., vilifolius 11, 
trriguus Bu., surattensis Li, Trionum Xi, tiliaceus Li. ; Abutilon ameri- 
canum SweExr, populifolium Swxetr, indicum Sweet, hirtum Don, graveo- 
lens Wicut & ARN., tomentosum Wicut & ARN., crispum SWEET, 
umbellatum Sweer, mauritianum Swuer, atropurpureum Kost., and 
many others‘ have also the same softening, emollient, pectoral virtues. 
They are, perhaps, still more developed in the Baobabs, whose 
leaves and flowers are daily used by the negroes, on account of their 
mucilaginous qualities, for affections of the digestive and respiratory 
organs. The same virtues are found also in several American 
Pachiras, in Eriodendron, Helicteres, Ochroma, Guazuma, Kydia, Ster- 
culia. In these last the transformation of the cortical or medullary 
parenchyma into mucilaginous substances is spoutaneous, and their 
bark allows a sort of gum tragacanth to ooze out. Such are S. 
urens, in India, and S. Tragacanthe,’ in tropical Africa, whose pro- 
duce is found now and then mixed with the gum of the Acacia, 
which comes from Senegambia.’?’ The seeds of several Sferculias, 
when in contact with water, also develop a considerable quantity of 
mucilage, which has made several species valued as antiphlogistic 
emollients. The one most spoken of during the last few years is, 
without doubt, the famous Zam-paiang’ of India, proposed as a specific 
in India, are the principal herbs used for this purpose. 

1 See PAYER, Thèse Malvac., 36.—ROSENTH., 
op. cit., 714. 
2 A. S. H., Pl. Us. Bras. t. 52; Fl. Bras. 
Mer., i. 209.—Liypu., Fl, Med., 142 (vulg. 
Malvavisco). 
3 RosentH., op. cit., 708. 
tered as antirheumatical. 
4 See ROSENTH., op. cit., 704-728, 
5 Roxg., Pl. Coromand., i. 25, t. 24.—DC., 
Prodr., i. 483, n. 23.—ROSENTH., op. cit., 725. 
— Cavallium wrens SCHOTT & ENDL, 
6 Linpz.,in Bot. Reg., t. 1353.—MasT,, in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., i. 216.—H. By., in Adan- 
It is also adminis- 
sonia, x. 173.—S. pubescens Don, Gen. Syst., 
i. 615.— 8S. obovata R. Br., in Benn. Pl. Jav. 
Rar., 23%.—Southwellia Tragacantha SCHOTT, 
—Linp.., Fl. Med., 136. To this and the pre- 
ceding species is attributed with some doubt the 
production of part of the Æuteera gum of com- 
merce (GuiB., Drog. Simples, éd. 6, iii. 452). 
7 Some similar productions are also furnished 
by S. ramosa Watt., crinita Cay., many 
Bombaces, &e. (see ROSENTH., op. cit., 722). 
$ Or Boa-tam-pajang, Boochgaan-tam-pai- 
Jjang, an ovoidal seed, tapering at one or both 
extremities, especially at that which corresponds 
