122 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
warm countries : 7. elatus Sw., grandifolius Salisb., clypeatus X., syria- 
cus L. (figs. 154-161), mutabilis Cav., vitifolius L., tiliaceus L., arboreus 
L.; the same with Sida Abutilon and some other Herbes à balais 
(4room herbs) of the same genus, Urena lobata and sinuata, Thes- 
pesia populnea, Napea levis, Malva Alcea, Althea cannabina, nar- 
bonensis, rosea, Helicteres, certain Dombeyas of the Mascarene 
Islands, Abroma fastuosa, several Quararibeas; &e. But the most 
valuable of the textile substances which we owe to the Malvaceae 
is Cotton, formed by certain cells of the superficial seminal coat 
of several species of Gossypium. In G. herbaceum® (figs. 163- 
166) in particular, at anthesis, this coat, smooth until this 
period, presents here and there small ribs,‘ which are due to 
the development of some of the cellules on their only free surface. 
By degrees these little conical projections, whose number continues 
to augment, are elongated into cylindrical cones, then into long tubes, 
with much attenuated walls, the cavities always being single, and 
only containing a kind of gas surrounded by a membrane, soon 
becoming dried and pressed down.’ The long hairs are then detached 
more or less easily from the surface of the seeds,’ the under portions 

1 The branches of S. carpinifolia L. and 5 This character serves, in the first place, to 
rhombifolia L. are used in Brazil to make 
brooms, ‘Those of S. micrantha serve to make 
rods of fusees, lighted at church doors on certain 
saints’ days. 
2 Especially at Cayenne. Q. guianensis AUBL. 
(Guian., t. 278 ;—Myrodia longiflora Sw., El, 
Ind. Oce., 1229 ;—DC., Prodr., i. 477, n. 3). 
3 L., Spec., 975.—DC., Prodr., i, 456, n. 1.— 
Cav., Diss., t. 164, fig. 2—A. Ricx., Hlém., éd. 
4, ii. 548.—Gutn., Drog. Simpl., éd. 6, iii. 642. 
—Rosentu., op. cit., 712.— G. hirsutum L., 
Spec., 975.—DC., loc. cit., n. 6.—G. prostra- 
tum Scuum, & THônn., Beskr., 311.—G. punc- 
tatum GuILLEM. & Prrr., Fl. Sen. Tent., i. 62. 
—A. Ricu., Fl, Abyss. Tent., i, 63 (nec SCHUM. 
& THONN.). 
4 There is often a particular part where these 
ribs first appear: it was observed by us in the 
young seed toward the chalaza ; afterwards the 
eruption passed along the edges to the other end 
of the seed. Then, where the eruption had 
commenced, the prominent parts became more 
numerous, and were at last developed upon the 
two lateral surfaces of the seed. But this order 
in the production of the papilla is far from being 
constant and absolute. 
5 It is for this reason that the reactions of the 
Cotton are in general those of the cells, 
distinguish the principal species whose produce 
is useful. Cotton is easily detached from the 
seeds, and leaves them naked in G. barba- 
dense L. (Spec., 975 ;—DC., loc. cit., n. 10 ;— 
Mast., loc. cit,, 210, n.1;—H. By., in Adax- 
sonia, x. 175 ;—G, vitifolium Lamx., Dict., ii. 
135 ;—G. peruvianum DC. loc. cit., n. 11 ;— 
G. punctatum Scuum, & THONN., op. cit,, 310, 
nec GUILLEM. & PERR.), a species often culti- 
vated in Asia and Africa, and which yields dif- 
ferent sorts of American Cottons; while in 
G. anomalum (WaAwR. & PEYR., Sert. Benguel., 
22 ;—Mast., loc. cit., 211, n, 2 ;—G. senarense 
Fexzz, in Kotsch. It, Æthiop. Exs., n. 90), the 
only species, probably, which exists in Africa in 
the wild state, the filaments are only detached 
with difficulty, and leave upon the seed after- 
wards a short down, often thick and like felt, 
It is the same in G, herbaceum (p. 121, note 
6) and in the G. arboreum (L., Spec., 975 ;— 
DC., Loc. cit., n. 4;—Cav., Diss., vi, t. 195 ;— 
? G. rubrum Forsk., Æg.-Arab., n. 88, ex DC. 
loc, cit.), which differ from the preceding, inas- 
much as they have, instead of linear bracts, rare 
in this genus, large bracts more or less dentate, 
like those of G@. barbadense. The number 
of useful species admitted in the genus Gossy- 
pium moreover varies much, according to dif- 
