184 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
ceum inserted quite against the corolla’ or separated from the inser- 
tion of the petals by a more or less elevated internode, glandular 
towards its summit.°—(6 genera.) 
All have common characters, of which the principal ones serve to 
distinguish the Ziliacee (rather artificially) from the families most 
nearly related to them, that is to say, MJalvacee (comprising the 
Sterculieæ and Buettnerieæ) and Dipterocarpacee, Chlenacee, bixacee, 
and Terastremiacee. It is certainly too absolute, but it is frequently 
correct to say that Zilacee differs from Malvaceae,’ by its stamens, 
generally free, or scarcely monadelphous or polyadelphous at the base,” 
from Malvee, Hibiscee, Bombacee, &e., by its two-celled anthers, and 
inasmuch as the descending ovules, with ventral raphe, which are 
often observed in the Ziliacee, are scarcely ever met with among the 
Malvacee Vt is true, almost within the same limit, to say the Pivaceæ 
and the Samydee, very similar to the Til/acee, are separated from them 
by their parietal placentation.’ The preefloration of the calyx also suffices 
almost always to distinguish the Zi//acee from the Dipterocarpacee, 
where it is generally imbricated,’ and from the C//enacee, which are 
characterized bya sort of disk in the form of a circular enclosure, within 
which the stamens are inserted, and by the involucre, by which the 
flowers are surrounded. The 7ernstræmiaceæ, scarcely separable from 
the Tiliaceæ, have also a calyx imbricated* at præfloration. But we 
must say that if we were not obliged to have recourse to artificial 
modes of distinction to render study possible, none of the types could 
be logically separated into absolutely distinct groups. k 
By what is known of the histological organization of the 7i/iacee- 
they approach very nearly the vast group J/alvacee, as we have de- 
fined it. The structure of the wood of the Limes (7%/ia) is one of 
those which has often been taken as a type among dicotyledonous 

1 Mode of insertion which belongs particu- 
larly to the subseries Sloanee. 
2 Character which only serves imperfectly to 
separate the subseries of Ælæocarpeæ proper 
from the preceding. 
3 Kunrx (Walvac., 14) admits in one and the 
same group with equal title, three large fa- 
milies; Malvaceæ, Buettneriacee, and Tiliacee, 
and distinguishes these last from the preceding 
by their two-celled introrse anthers; a character 
evidently much too absolute. 
4 In Mollia,a genus nearly allied tothe Mal- 
vaceæ, the polyadelphous character exists for a 
great distance. 
5 But it has generally, especially in the Brown- 
lowia series, descending ovules with ventral 
raphe. (See Bocg., in Adansonia, vii. 63.) 
6 The Tiliacee have very frequently incom- 
plete cells. (See Adansonia, vi. 238; vii. 63; 
x, 192.) 
7 It is, bowever, well known that the imbri- 
cation of the calyx is very pronounced in Æchino- 
carpus, generically inseparable from Sloanea. 
8 See Adansonia, x. 84. 
