DIPTEROCARPACEÆ. 219 
is more the object of scientific curiosity, as the alcohol of the 
camphor of Japan or China, than an article of consumption. Its 
price is very high; and the Rajahs of Sumatra rather than enrich 
themselves by exporting it, use it almost entirely in their country 
to preserve the bodies of their friends during the long period which 
precedes their interment.’ It is said to be frequently employed in 
China and Japan as a tonic and stimulant. Dryodalanops furnishes 
besides a yellowish balsamic oil, called o7/ of camphor, which is 
obtained by incisions, and collected in small quantities in a half 
cylinder of cleft bamboo. It is afterwards strained and put in 
bottles to preserve it. Several other species of this family produce 
thus a kind of wood oil (huile de bois as it is called in the French 
possessions of Cochin China), used as a vulnerary and employed for a 
number of industrial purposes. These are principally Dipterocarpus 
and Anisoptera. They are on this account analogous to Vateria 
indica, from which is obtained a false resin, called copal in India, 
and, when fresh, appearing under the form of a liquid varnish called 
Pimen dammar, or Piney varnish, in British India; it is solid, 
tenacious, but has the inconvenience of melting at a moderately low 
temperature (36°:5 Centig.). According to Wicur it is obtained by 
making incisions in the trunk of the tree; the liquid collects and 
hardens on a level with the solution of continuity. Upon the coast 
of Malabar wax lights are made of it, which give a brilliant light 
and exhale a perfumed odour. The balsamic and resinous juice of 
Dipterocarpus trinervis (fig. 215) is used in Java, according to BLUME, 
in the preparation of an excellent unguent applied with success to 
wounds; and it furnishes a dye, or with the yolk of egg an emulsion 
producing the same effects as the copaivi balsam. The natives 
of the country coat the leaves of the Banana tree with this 
resin, and afterwards make them into torches which give a 
white light, and have not a disagreeable odour. Several other 
species of Dipterocarpus afford analogous productions, wood oils 
which are used like the copaivi for domestic and industrial purposes. 
Such are those from which is extracted the Gurjun of the Indians (in 
Cingalese, Dronatil). The principal species so used are D. levis 

1 See Dr VRIESE, in Hook, Lond. Journ., 145.—Hemiphractum Turcz., in Bull. Mose- 
(1852), 33, 68.—Hook., Journ., iv. 200. (1859), i. 262.— Ælæocarpus copalliferus RETZ., 
2 L., Spec., 734—GZÆRTN. F., Fruct., iii. t. 189.  Obs., iv. n. 85,—Pacnoe RH&ED., Hort. Malab., 
—Roxs., Fl. Ind., ii. 602.—Linvu., Fl. Med., iv. t. 15 (vulg. Peini marum). 
