BIXACEZ: 299 
the three partitions are much more elevated and divide the cavity of 
the ovary into three complete cells. The organization of the flower, 
leaves, fruit, and seeds is the same; but the superficial coat of the 
seeds only bears very short thinly-scattered hairs, as in certain species, 
of Gossypium (Fr., Cotonniers), on account of which they have been 
wrongly described as glabrous. 
ns 
The family of Bivacee is one which has been formed by links. It 
was established in 1815 under the name of #acourtiance, by L. C. 
Ricwarp,' whose son afterwards showed the identity of the group with 
the Bizacee proper. A. L. pe Jussieu, in his Gezera, had confounded 
with the Z7i//acee those genera of Bixaceæ known in his time—that 
is to say, Flacourtia, Oncoba, Bixa, Letia, and Banara. He left in 
Incerte sedis, Samyda, and under the name of Axnavinga, Guidonia 
(Casearia), which he placed somewhere else among the Ciste, under 
the title of Piparea. Papaya ought, it appeared to him, to be placed 
among the Cucurbitacee ; Turnera among the Portulacee, Ludia and 
Homalium among the Rosaceæ. In 1822, Kunts* gave the name 
of Bizxinee to the family, followed closely by De Canporze, who 
preserved as distinct the Orders of Macourtiane and Bixinee, admit- 
ting in the first, Ryania, Flacourtia, Xylosma (Romuea), Kiggelaria, 
Melicytus, Hydnocarpus, Erythrospermum, and in the latter, Biza, 
‘Bonara, Letia, Prockia, Ludia, and Azara. Yn 1836, Linpiey* sub- 
stituted the name of Bivinee for that of Bivacee, adopted by Enpui- 
cHER’ and by most of his successors. LINDLEY moreover, in 1846, 
placed in the same alliance the Vvolales, the Bizxacee proper (Ma- 
courtiacee’), and the Lacistmee, Samydacee and Turneraceæ? The 
small alliance of Papayales, which in his Vegetable Kingdom® comes 
immediately before this, includes the two Orders, Papayacee and 
Pangiaceæ* ‘Yo more modern authors it has seemed that these latter 

! In Mém. Mus., 1., 366.—Ctos., in Ann. 5 Veg. Kingd., 327, Ord. 110. 
Se. Nat. sér. 4, iv. 362; viii, 209. 7 Op. cit., 326, All. 26. 
2 Diss, Malvac., 17.—BENTH., in Journ. 2 
Linn. Soc., v. Suppl. 75-94.—R. H., Gen., 122, OP: cit., 820, All. 25. ‘ 
Ord. 17. 3 Pangie Bu., in Ann. Sc. Nat., sér. 2, ii. 
3 Prodr., i. (1824), 255, 259, Ord. 13, 14. (1834), 90; Rumphia, iv. 19.—B. H., Gen. 
4 Introd., ed. 2, 72. 129, trib. 4.—H. BN., in Adansonia, x. 248, 
5 Gen. 917, Ord. 195.—J. G. Acarpu, 2097.—Pangiace Enpu., Gen., 922. — LINDL, 
Theor, Syst Pl, 255,.—H. BN., in Adansonia, Veg. Kingd., 323, Ord. 109, 
x. 248, 
