304 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
are far from being uniform. The Anatto' (figs. 288-296) is espe- 
cially celebrated as a tinctorial plant. Its seeds, crushed and 
diluted with warm water, give a colouring matter contained in 
their outer coat, and forming with it a residuum which ferments, 
and is dried in cakes or paste. Stuffs, wax, butter, and chocolate 
are coloured with it. The Caribbees sometimes use it for staining 
the skin. It is also a purgative substance; it is prized as a 
remedy for dysentery in warm countries”  Coch/ospermum also 
contains a yellow or red colouring matter; it is contained in the 
soft tunica interior to the testa of their seeds; and in C. tinctorium® 
of Senegal it is contained in the stock, which is also considered as an 
amenagogue. In Brazil (. #nsigne is prescribed in cases of internal 
injury from falls or blows; it is also employed to draw abscesses. 
In India C. gossypium’ (fig. 343) is said to produce the gum Avfeera, 
called also wrongly G. Bassora, analogous to G. tragacanth, but which 
is converted by contact with water into a “transparent jelly, the parts 
of which have no adherence with each other.”* The milky juice which 
is met with in most of the organs of the Papayads has very active 
properties. The fruit of various cultivated varieties of Papaya Carica’ 
(figs. 332-336) is alimentary. It is not much relished by most 
Europeans in a raw state, but they eat it freely when cooked and 
treated in various ways. 
with sugar. 
which by chance was discovered to be a powerful vermifuge. 
= 
In the colonies it is sometimes preserved 
But before maturity, it is filled with an irritant milk, 
Its 

1 Bixa Orellana L., Spec. 730.—DC., Prodr., 
i. 259, n. 1.— Bot. Mag., t. 1456.—Gu18., Drog. 
Simpl., éd. 6, iii. 668, fig. 751.—Rfv., in FV. 
Méd. du xix® Siècle, iii, 224, t. 22.—Tr.; in 
Bull. Soc. Bot. de Fr., v. 366.—B. americana 
Porr., Dict., vi. 229 (vugl. Urucu, Orleans, 
Arnotto ; in Colombia, Onoto Achote). 
2 The seed contains bixine and orelline 
(CHEVREUL). Bixa Urucurana W. (Enum., 
565), of Brazil and spherocarpa, TR. (loc. cit., 
369), of Columbia, are said to possess the same 
properties. 
3 Ricu., Guirtem. & PERR. Fl. Sen. Tent., 
i. 99, t. 21.—Ontv., Fl. Trop. Afr., i, 113.— 
C. Planchoni Hook. ¥., Niger, 263 (vulg. 
Fayar). 
4 À. S. H., Pl. Us. Bras., n. 57.—ENDL., 
Bot. Med., 119.—ROSENTH., op cit., 737.— 
Wittelsbachia insignis Marv. & Zucc., Nov. 
Gen. et Spec., i. 84, t. 55.—Maximiliana regia 
Marr., in Flora (1819), 452 (vulg. Butua do 
curvo). 
5 DC., Prodr., i. 527, n. 1.—Wiaut & ARN., 
Prodr., i, 87.—Wieut, in Hook. Bot. Mise., 
ii. 357, t. 16.—Bombax Gossypium L., Syst., 
517. — Cav., Diss., v. 297, t. 157, SONNER., 
Voy. aux Ind. Or. et à la Chine, ii. (1782) t. 
133.—Roxs., F1. Ind., ii. 169.— B. Congo BurM., 
Ind,,145.— Xylon L., Fl. Zeyl., 99, n. 222 ex Pr.). 
6 Gure., Drog. Simpl., éd. 6, iii, 452, 628. 
7 GærIN., Fruct., ii. (1791), t. 122.—P. vul- 
garis DC., in Lamk. Dict. v. (1804), 2.—DeEsc., 
Fl. Med. Ant., it. 47, 48.—A. DC., Prodr., xv, 
sect. i, 414, n. 1.—P. sativa, Tuss., Fl. Ant., 
il, 45, t. 10, 11.—P. orientalis, Cou., in Hern, 
Thes., 870, ic— Papaya Rumen, Herb, Amboin., 
i. t. 50.—Huvueu., Barbad., t. 14, 15.— Carica 
Papaya L., Spec., 1466 (part.)—Wiaeur, TUL, t. 
106, 107.—Linpt., in Bot. Reg., t. 459; F1, 
Med., 107; Veg. Kingd., 321, fig. 221, 222.— 
Hoox., in Bot. Mag., t. 2898, 2899.—Roxs., 
F1, Ind., iii. 824.—GurtB., Drog. Simpl., éd. 6, 
iii. 268, fig. 639.—EnpL., Ænchirid., 487,.—- 
RosEntH., op. cit., 669 (vulg. Papaw, Arbre à 
Melons in the Antilles), ‘he specific name of 
G2xRTNER has the priority with him. 
